众所周知，面向过程的语言基本上都有如下三种流程控制结构：
顺序结构
选择结构(if、case)
循环结构(for、while、until)
因为默认法则为顺序结构，逐条执行各语句，所以本篇文章我们不讲顺序结构，只讲选择结构和循环结构
一、选择结构
1.if循环
(1).单分支if语句
if 判断条件; then statement1 statement2 ... fi
例：获取一个用户的UID，如果它为0，那么就输出一行字符串"Admin"
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-10-31 16:04 # Description:Judge the UID # Version 1.0 NAME=root if [ `id -u $NAME` -eq 0 ]; then echo "Admin." fi [root@soysauce scripts]# ./user.sh Admin.
(2).双分支if语句
if 判断条件; then statement1 statement2 ... else statement3 statement4 ... fi
例：给定一个用户，获取其密码警告期限；而后判断用户密码可使用期限是否已经小于警告期限
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-10-31 16:54 # Description:passwd for warning # Version 1.0 User=user1 File=/etc/shadow Maxday=`grep $User $File | cut -d: -f5` Lastday=`grep $User $File | cut -d: -f3` Warnday=`grep $User $File | cut -d: -f6` Second=`date +%s` Today=$[$Second/86400] Useday=$[$Today-$Lastday] Freeday=$[$Maxday-$Useday] if [ $Freeday -lt $Warnday ]; then echo "Warning." else echo "Ok." fi [root@soysauce scripts]# ./warning.sh Ok.
(3).多分支的if语句
if 判断条件1; then statement1 ... elif 判断条件2; then statement2 ... elif 判断条件3; then statement3 ... else statement4 ... fi
例：传递一个参数(单字符就行)给脚本，如参数为q、Q、quit或Quit，就退出脚本；否则，就显示用户的参数
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-10-31 20:26 # Description:Quit the shell script v2 # Version 1.0 if [ $1 = 'q' ];then echo "quiting" exit 0 elif [ $1 = 'Q' ];then echo "quiting" exit 0 elif [ $1 = 'quit' ];then echo "quiting" exit 0 elif [ $1 = 'Quit' ];then echo "quiting" exit 0 else echo $1 exit 5 fi [root@soysauce scripts]# ./string.sh xyz xyz [root@soysauce scripts]# ./string.sh q Quiting... [root@soysauce scripts]#
2.case...in esac
case SWITCH in value1) statement ... ;; value2) statement ... ;; *) statement ... ;; esac
例：写一个脚本，可以接受选项及参数，而后能获取每一个选项，及选项的参数，并能根据选项及参数做出特定的操作，比如：
adminusers.sh --add tom,jerry --del tom,blair -v|--verbose -h|--help
#!/bin/bash
# Author:soy sauce
# Date:2015-11-22 13:04
# Description:add delete user
# Version 1.0
DEBUG=0
ADD=0
DEL=0
Adduser() {
for I in $AddUserList; do
if id $I &> /dev/null; then
echo "$I exists."
else
useradd $I
echo "$I" | passwd -stdin $I &> /dev/null
[ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] && echo "Add $I finished."
fi
done
}
Deluser() {
for I in $DelUserList; do
if ! id $I &> /dev/null; then
echo "$I not exists."
else
userdel -r $I
[ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] && echo "Delete $I finished."
fi
done
}
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` --add USER1,USER2...|--del USER1,USER2...|-v|--verbose|-h|--help"
exit 4
fi
for I in `seq 1 $#`; do
if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
case $1 in
-v|--verbose)
DEBUG=1
shift
;;
-h|--help)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` --add USER1,USER2...|--del USER1,USER2...|-v|--verbose|-h|--help"
exit 0
;;
--add)
ADD=1
AddUser=$2
shift 2
;;
--del)
DEL=1
DelUser=$2
shift 2
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` --add USER1,USER2...|--del USER1,USER2...|-v|--verbose|-h|--help"
exit 6
;;
esac
fi
done
AddUserList=`echo "$AddUser"|tr ',' ' '`
DelUserList=`echo "$DelUser"|tr ',' ' '`
[ $ADD -eq 1 ] && Adduser
[ $DEL -eq 1 ] && Deluser
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./manageuser.sh --add user1,user2,user3 --del user1 -v
Add user1 finished.
Add user2 finished.
Add user3 finished.
Delete user1 finished.
二、循环结构
1.for循环
(1).for...do;done
for 变量 in 列表; do 循环体 done
例：编写一个脚本，能够接受一个参数：--add: 添加指定用户，逗号隔开；--del：删除指定用户，逗号隔开，其它：退出；
如adddel.sh --add tom,jerry,hive
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-10-31 22:06 # Description:Add user1-10 # Version 1.0 UserList=`echo $2 | tr ',' ' ' ` if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then echo "Usage:`basename $0` --add USER1,USER2,USER3...|--del USER1,USER2,USER3..." exit 8 fi for I in $UserList; do if [ $1 == '--add' ]; then if id $I &> /dev/null; then echo "$I exists." else useradd $I echo "$I" | passwd --stdin $I &> /dev/null echo "Add $I finished." fi elif [ $1 == '--del' ]; then if ! id $I &> /dev/null; then echo "$I not exist." else userdel -r $I echo "Add $I finished." fi else echo "Usage:`basename $0` --add|--del" exit 8 fi done [root@soysauce scripts]# ./adddel.sh --add user1,user2,user3 Add user1 finished. Add user2 finished. Add user3 finished. [root@soysauce scripts]# tail -3 /etc/passwd user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:502:502::/home/user3:/bin/bash
(2).for((变量初始值;循环条件;变量修正))
例：计算从1加到100的和
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-11-22 15:16 # Description:calculator 1 to 100 # Version 1.0 declare -i SUM=0 for((I=1;I<=100;I++)); do let SUM+=$I done echo "The sum is $SUM." [root@soysauce scripts]# ./cal.sh The sum is 5050.
2.while
(1).while...do;done
while CONDITION; do statment ... done
例：写一个脚本，让用户选择想显示的信息，知道用户输入quit之后才退出
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-11-24 19:05 # Description:show some information # Version 1.0 cat << EOF d|D) show disk usages. m|M) show memory usages. s|S) show swap usages. quit) quit. EOF echo -en "\e[31mPlease input your choice:\e[0m " read Choice while [ $Choice != 'quit' ]; do case $Choice in d|D) /bin/df -hP ;; m|M) free -m | sed -n "1,2p" ShowMem ;; s|S) free -m | sed -n "1p;4p" ;; quit) exit 0 ;; *) echo "Unknown command." esac echo -en "\e[31mPlease input your choice again:\e[0m " read Choice done [root@soysauce ~]# ./showmenu.sh d|D) show disk usages. m|M) show memory usages. s|S) show swap usages. quit) quit. Please input your choice: d # 显示磁盘使用情况 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hda1 20G 5.3G 14G 29% / tmpfs 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm Please input your choice again: q Unknown command. Please input your choice again: s # 显示交换分区使用情况 total used free shared buffers cached Swap: 0 0 0 Please input your choice again: M # 显示内存使用情况 total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 497 491 6 0 68 71 ./showmenu.sh: line 24: ShowMem: command not found Please input your choice again: quit # 退出
(2)、while : do;done
while :;do statement ... done while true:;do statement ... done
例：此脚本能于同一个repo文件中创建多个Yum源的指向，用户输入quit则退出
#!/bin/bash
# Author:soy sauce
# Date:2015-11-30 20:00
# Description:repo file
# Version 1.0
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "Usage: `basename $0` repofile_name" && exit 3
RepoFile=/etc/yum.repos.d/$1
[ -e $RepoFile ] && echo "$RepoFile exists." && exit 4
while true; do
read -p "Please input the repo id: " RepoID
[ $RepoID == 'quit' ] && exit 5
read -p "Please input the repo name: " RepoName
read -p "Please input the baseurl: " BaseUrl
echo -e "[$RepoID]\nname=${RepoName}\nbaseurl=${BaseUrl}\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0" >> $RepoFile
continue
done
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./mkrepo.sh # 没有给参数则提示用法
Usage: mkrepo.sh repofile_name
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./mkrepo.sh test.repo # 已经重名的repo文件
/etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo exists.
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./mkrepo.sh testyum.repo
Please input the repo id: testyum
Please input the repo name: testyum
Please input the baseurl: file:///root/test/testyum
Please input the repo id: quit
[root@soysauce scripts]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/testyum.repo # repo文件已生成
[testyum]
name=testyum
baseurl=file:///root/test/testyum
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@soysauce scripts]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
testyum | 2.9 kB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com 6,575
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 11,886
extras CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com 45
testyum testyum 147
updates CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com 671
repolist: 19,324
(3)、while read line do;done
while read LINE; do statement ... done < /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE
例：显示/etc/passwd文件中默认shell为bash的用户的用户名
[root@soysauce scripts]# cat showbash.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author:soy sauce
# Date:2015-11-30 22:08
# Description:bash user
# Version 1.0
FILEPATH=/etc/passwd
while read LINE; do
[ `echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $7}'` == '/bin/bash' ] && echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}'
done < $FILEPATH
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./showbash.sh
root
nginx
user3
hadoop
3.until
until CONDITION; do statement ... done
例：转换用户输入的字符为大写，如果用户输入的是quit就退出
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-11-24 19:10 # Description:translate string # Version 1.0 read -p "Please input the string: " String until [ $String == 'quit' ]; do echo $String | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' read -p "Please input the string: " String done [root@soysauce ~]# ./translate.sh Please input the string: useradd USERADD Please input the string: chage CHAGE Please input the string: uname UNAME Please input the string: quit
循环结构总结：
for：适用于循环次数已知的场景，循环一遍自动退出
while：适用于循环次数未知的场景，要有退出条件，满足条件进入循环
until：适用于循环次数未知的场景，要有退出条件，满足条件就跳出循环
三、break & continue
1、continue：提前结束本轮循环，进入下一轮循环
例：写一个脚本，此脚本能于同一个repo文件中创建多个Yum源的指向，当用户输入repo id时，如果为quit，则退出脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Author:soy sauce
# Date:2015-11-30 20:00
# Description:repo file
# Version 1.0
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "Usage: `basename $0` repofile_name" && exit 3
RepoFile=/etc/yum.repos.d/$1
[ -e $RepoFile ] && echo "$RepoFile exists." && exit 4
while true; do
read -p "Please input the repo id: " RepoID
[ $RepoID == 'quit' ] && exit 5
read -p "Please input the repo name: " RepoName
read -p "Please input the baseurl: " BaseUrl
echo -e "[$RepoID]\nname=${RopoName}\nbaseurl=${BaseUrl}\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0" >> $RepoFile
continue # 此处提前结束本轮循环，而后进入下一循环
done
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./mkrepo.sh test.repo
Please input the repo id: testyum
Please input the repo name: testyum
Please input the baseurl: file:///root/test/testyum
Please input the repo id: quit
[root@soysauce scripts]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo # repo文件已然生成
[testyum]
name=
baseurl=file:///root/test/testyum
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@soysauce scripts]# yum repolist # 可以看到testyum已然生效
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository 'testyum' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
testyum | 2.9 kB 00:00 ...
testyum/primary_db | 90 kB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com 6,575
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 11,886
extras CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com 45
testyum testyum 147
updates CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com 670
repolist: 19,323
2、break：提前退出循环，不再执行循环体
例：此脚本能够为指定网卡创建别名使用格式如：mkethalias.sh -v|--verbose -i ethX -h
#!/bin/bash # Author:soy sauce # Date:2015-11-30 20:51 # Description:ethernet ip # Version 1.0 DEBUG=0 ETHERNET=0 if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then echo "Usage: `basename $0` -v | --verbose | -i ethx" exit 7 fi for I in `seq 1 $#`; do if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then case $1 in -v|--verbose) DEBUG=1 shift 1 ;; -i) ETH=$2 ETHERNET=1 shift 2 ;; -h) echo "Usage: `basename $0` -v | --verbose | -i ethx" exit 0 ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` -v | --verbose | -i ethx" exit 5 ;; esac fi done if ! ifconfig | grep "$ETH" &> /devnull; then echo "Usage: `basename $0` -v | --verbose | -i ethx" exit 9 fi while true; do if [[ $ALIAS == 'quit' ]]; then exit 0 fi read -p "Please input the alias for the $ETH: " ALIAS while ifconfig | grep "$ETH:$ALIAS" &> /devnull; do echo "$ETH:$ALIAS exists." read -p "Please input the alias for the $ETH: " ALIAS continue done read -p "Please input your IP and NetMask[IP/Netmask]: " IPMASK break done if [ $ETHERNET -eq 1 ]; then ip addr add $IPMASK dev $ETH label $ETH:$ALIAS IP=`[ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] && ip addr show | grep "$ETH:$ALIAS"` echo -e "\e[31m$IP\e[0m" fi [root@soysauce scripts]# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:1b:6d:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.1.110/24 brd 255.255.255.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1b:6daf/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@soysauce scripts]# ./mkethalias.sh -i eth0 -v Please input the alias for the eth0: 0 Please input your IP and NetMask[IP/Netmask]: 192.168.1.1/24 inet 192.168.1.1/24 scope global eth0:0
四、函数
①函数是实现结构化编程的重要思想，其主要功能是为了实现代码复用；不能独立运行，只能被调用执行，并且可以被调用多次
②函数的两种定义方式
function FUNCNAME {
statement
...
}
FUNCNAME() {
statement
...
}
例：函数能够接受一个参数，参数为用户名，显示此用户的UID和Shell，用户输入q或Q才退出
#!/bin/bash
# Author:soy sauce
# Date:2015-12-01 13:16
# Description:Add user
# Version 1.0
function TestUser {
if id $1 &> /dev/null; then
Uid=`grep "^$1\>" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $3}'`
Shell=`grep "^$1\>" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}'`
echo "The $1 shell is $Shell."
echo "The $1 UID is $Uid."
return 0
else
echo "$1 not exists."
return 1
fi
}
read -p "Please input the username: " CHOICE
until [ $CHOICE == 'q' ] || [ $CHOICE == 'Q' ]; do
TestUser $CHOICE
read -p "Please input the username again: " CHOICE
done
[root@soysauce scripts]# ./Show.sh
Please input the username: root
The root shell is /bin/bash.
The root UID is 0.
Please input the username again: syz
syz not exists.
Please input the username again: q
[root@soysauce scripts]#
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/soysauce93/1715654
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