Shell 流程控制结构 01

控制结构一般有3种，顺序结构、分支结构和循环结构。

1.顺序结构

#!/bin/sh
echo "Hello!"
echo -n "What is your name:"
read yourname
echo "Hello $yourname!"
exit 0

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# chmod a+x test.sh 
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# ./test.sh 
Hello!
What is your name:xwk
Hello xwk!

查看退出状态

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

2.条件测试

1.文件测试

测试文件是否为普通文件
（test_100.sh文件不存在）

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -f test.sh
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -f test_100.sh
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

测试文件是否为符号连接

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -L test.sh
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

测试文件是否为块设备文件

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -b test.sh
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1

2.字符串测试

字符串“相等”测试

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# s="sss"
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test $s = "aaa"
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test $s = "sss"
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

字符串“为空”测试

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# s=" "
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -z $s
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# s="sss"
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# test -z $s
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

3.数值测试

数值相等测试

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# a=10
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# b=20
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# declare -i c
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# c=$a+$b
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $c
30
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $c -eq 30 ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

数值不相等测试

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $c -ne 30 ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

数值大于等于测试

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $c -ge 30 ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

4.逻辑操作符

与

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# name=Tom
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# password=abc
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $name = "Tom" -a $password = "abc" ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

测试test.sh文件是否同时具有读权限和可执行权限

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# ls -l test.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 98 4月   9 18:52 test.sh
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ -r test.sh -a -x test.sh ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

或

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $name = "Tom" -o $password = "123456" ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $name = "ccc" -o $password = "123456" ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# 

非

[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# s="hello"
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $s != "hello" ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# [ $s != "world" ]
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mylinuxstudy]#