window10系统电脑上安装putty实现免秘钥提交代码到git远程版本库

说明：以前研发一直是通过输入密码来提交代码到git远程版本库，每次提交代码都得输入服务器的密码，太繁琐，于是研究了下在windows端进行免秘钥来提交代码。

一、pc端安装客户端软件环境说明

首先要在windows电脑端安装git-bash,TortoiseGit-1.8.8.0-64bit.msi，以及putty这个3个客户端软件。
这个3个软件的作用说明：
1.1git-bash客户端软件
其实就是git在windows端的命令行操作工具，和在linux端git的事一样的功能，都是要通过命令来clone,commit,update代码的。同时git-bash客户端在此处的功能主要是通过登录git-bash来生成windows电脑的公钥和私钥。C:\Users\j.ssh\user001.pub,C:\Users\j.ssh\user001.rsa。然后将生成的windows公钥文件user001.pub上传到git的账户管理机manage上(此机器为linux机器centos6.8的系统)的/root/gitolite-admin/keydir/这个目录下，然后通过git将此user001.pub公钥提交到git的版本库里面。

1.2.putty客户端软件
通过putty加载git-bash在windows端的生成的私钥id.rsa文件再来生成id.rsa.ppk文件。这样每次提交代码时，直接加载这个windows端私钥的ppk文件，可以不用输入密码直接提交代码到远程版本库

1.3TortoiseGit-1.8.8.0-64bit.msi客户端软件
TortoiseGit软件其实就是git在windows端的桌面版的可视化操作工具，支持汉化版，可以通过TortoiseGit进行各种提交代码。当然通过TortoiseGit在提交代码时可以选择加载putty生成的ppk后缀的私钥文件，来实现免输入密码来提交代码，极大的提高了工作效率

二、客户端软件安装配置说明

2.1git-bash客户端软件安装配置使用

a、安装过程参考此文档：

官网：https://git-for-windows.github.io/
https://blog.csdn.net/zzfenglin/article/details/53147604

b、配置使用:

配置在windows端登录git-bash进行配置环境

Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --global user.name "wujianwei"

Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --global user.email "3056977536@qq.com"

Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --global color.ui true

查看配置列表：

Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --list
core.symlinks=false
core.autocrlf=true
core.fscache=true
color.diff=auto
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=true
help.format=html
rebase.autosquash=true
http.sslcainfo=C:/Program Files/Git/mingw64/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
diff.astextplain.textconv=astextplain
filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f
filter.lfs.smudge=git-lfs smudge -- %f
filter.lfs.required=true
filter.lfs.process=git-lfs filter-process
credential.helper=manager
user.name=wujianwei
user.email=3056977536@qq.com
color.ui=true

生成密钥文件：

ssh-keygen.exe -t rsa -f /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/user001
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/test1.
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/test1.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:EWr9I74XSCIgrJK4I4wYIE3H4hZLHa+UpUrkwsfLkNk Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|.oooo.. .        |
|=+@.o= o .       |
|*XoE+ + o        |
|*oBooo. .o       |
|=+.o.. oS.o      |
|*.     .....     |
|..      .  .     |
|         ..      |
|        ..       |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ cd  /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh
Administrator@XB-20160409ISPJ MINGW64 ~/.ssh
$ ls
user001  user001.pub

拷贝windows端公钥user001.pub到git账户管理机器10.0.0.56上的目录
提示报错：

[root@manage ~]#  git clone git-server:gitolite-admin
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/gitolite-admin/.git/
Bad owner or permissions on /root/.ssh/config
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

权限不对，一下给600权限解决问题

[root@manage ~]# ll /root/.ssh/config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 99 Mar 29 11:28 /root/.ssh/config
[root@manage ~]# chmod 600 /root/.ssh/config
[root@manage ~]#  git clone git-server:gitolite-admin
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/gitolite-admin/.git/
Warning: Permanently added '221.195.1.233' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), done.
[root@manage ~]# ll gitolite-admin/
total 8
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 29 12:00 conf
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 29 12:00 keydir

[root@manage ~]# cd gitolite-admin/keydir/
[root@manage keydir]# rz
git-admin.pub user001.pub(user001.pubwindows上git-bash工具生成的公钥文件)
[root@manage gitolite-admin]# git add keydir/user001.pub
[root@manage gitolite-admin]# git push keydir/user001.pub
此时会在git-server版本仓库机器上的的秘钥文件中增加以下内容
[git@git-server ~]$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys

# gitolite start
command="/home/git/bin/gitolite-shell user001",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAdgj35zaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC7GXe0BlOVPq6/WoC/UKhz5i2wBKWkvdZKWiidvo51LmYnFSAKMslKHFXLK9mLqVe0f9ES/hNGkHwroCxlMK1GRHff2t/q5VWAuvoKPskB7s7ISoDt4giANdd/GSDLh7Ih1kyGW6qR47z/M+RoMaDoKrUpduW63L1WuNv6mwPcvzCBYMkK2EDnXnoYUtd/pRm1cLzU6CIoPO8UEwnxbQ/+y6NDoOSChsVjpEIq0u/+rNO/nbUHdKjRMpGpFgeIsdk4ynNYo4/a03LE1wEweet2SDWWWWFEwSwa/t/DGzp39z0Y8/w0AvhRs4HxxPwU4E9Lg331xrlBxv5sXYNO5j j@DESKTOP-MKKM55A
# gitolite end

windows端git-bash生成的公钥文件，在服务器上配制到此完成

2.2、putty软件的安装配制使用

a.官网下载地址：

https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/

b.使用介绍：

通过putty加载windows端的私钥user001.rsa文件来生成user001.rsa.ppk文件

到此秘钥生成完成

2.3安装TortoiseGit

a、安装过程：

安装参考文档：
官网下载地址：https://tortoisegit.org/download/
安装参考资料：http://www.jb51.net/article/55440.htm
git客户端软件TortoiseGit-1.8.8.0-64bit.msi 下载安装
官网下载地址：https://tortoisegit.org/download/
汉化本语言包下载：
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/a501d80c292d91ec630f5e3e.html

b、配制使用介绍

首先在git账户管理机器manage上配制新的版本库test003，并且上传user001.pub，然后提交到git远程仓库

[root@manage conf]# tail -2 /root/gitolite-admin/conf/gitolite.conf 
repo test003
    RW+     =   user001 git-admin
[root@manage conf]# cd /root/gitolite-admin/
[root@manage gitolite-admin]# ls
conf  keydir
[root@manage gitolite-admin]# cd keydir/
[root@manage keydir]# rz 上传windows上生成的公钥user001.pub
[root@manage keydir]# ls
git-admin.pub  user001.pub

[root@manag gitolite-admin]#git add  ./conf/gitolite.conf 
[root@manag gitolite-admin]#git add ./keydir/user001.pub
[root@manage gitolite-admin]# git status

#On branch master
#Changes to be committed:
#(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   modified:   conf/gitolite.conf
#   modified:   conf/keydir
#
[root@ gitolite-admin]# git commit -m "the test user001"
[master d349781] the test user001
 Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:

    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
    git config --global user.email you@example.com

If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:

    git commit --amend --author='Your Name <you@example.com>'

 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@ gitolite-admin]# git push
Counting objects: 7, done.
Delta compression using up to 16 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 360 bytes, done.
Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Initialized empty Git repository in /home/zydrgit/repositories/test003.git/
To git-server:gitolite-admin
   65e5385..d349781  master -> master

[root@ gitolite-admin]#

在远程版本库上新生成test003.git版本库

[git@git-server repositories]$ ls
gitolite-admin.git  test001.git  test003.git  testing.git

c、在windows上使用TortoiseGit来clone和提交代码

提交代码到远程版本库：

到此处所有的配制和演示全部完成

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/wujianwei/2093269