BMP文件的读取

运行测试效果：

代码：

void  CMyView::OnReadBmp() 
{ // 读取BMP文件并显示
    CDC  * pDC  =  GetDC();

    CFileDialog dlg(TRUE);
     if (dlg.DoModal() == IDOK)
    { // 选择要打开的BMP图片
        strFilePath = dlg.GetPathName();
    }

     if (strFilePath == "" )
    { // 取消
         return ;
    }

    FILE  * fp = fopen(strFilePath, " r " );

    BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
    BITMAPINFO info;

    fread( & fileheader, sizeof (fileheader), 1 ,fp);

     if (fileheader.bfType != 0x4D42 )
    { // 不是BMP位图文件
        pDC -> TextOut( 100 , 200 , " 无位图文件 请选择位图文件 " );
        fclose(fp);
         return  ;
    }
    UCHAR  * buffer  =  NULL;

     // 读位图头部
    fread( & info.bmiHeader,  sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER),  1 , fp);
     // 位图宽度
     long  width = info.bmiHeader.biWidth;
     this -> width  =  width;
     // 位图高度
     long  height = info.bmiHeader.biHeight;
     this -> height  =  height;
    
    DWORD size;
     if  (info.bmiHeader.biSizeImage  !=   0 )
    { // 带颜色表
        size  =  info.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
        
    }
     else
    { // 不带颜色表的
        size  =  info.bmiHeader.biHeight * info.bmiHeader.biWidth * 3 ;
    }
    buffer  =   new  UCHAR[size]; // 分配缓冲区
     if  (buffer  ==  NULL)
    { // 分配内存失败
        delete[] buffer;
         return ; 
    }
     // 忽略头部字节
    fseek(fp,fileheader.bfOffBits, 0 );
    fread(buffer,size, 1 ,fp);

     int  i,j;
    
#pragma  region 16 color
     //  16色图的解析
     if (info.bmiHeader.biBitCount == 4 )
    {
         int  pitch;
         if (width % 8 == 0 )
            pitch = width;
         else
            pitch = width + 8 - width % 8 ;

        RGBQUAD quad[ 16 ];
        fseek(fp,fileheader.bfOffBits - sizeof (RGBQUAD) * 16 , 0 );
        fread(quad, sizeof (RGBQUAD) * 16 , 1 ,fp);

         if (height > 0 )
        { // height>0 表示图片颠倒
             for (i = 0 ; i < height; i ++ )
            {
                 for (j = 0 ; j < width; j ++ )
                {
                     int  index;
                     if (j % 2 == 0 )
                        index  =  buffer[(i * pitch + j) / 2 ] / 16 ;
                     if (j % 2 == 1 )
                        index  =  buffer[(i * pitch + j) / 2 ] % 16 ;

                    UCHAR r = quad[index].rgbRed;
                    UCHAR g = quad[index].rgbGreen;
                    UCHAR b = quad[index].rgbBlue;
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,height - i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
         else
        { // 图片不颠倒
             for (i = 0 ; i < 0 - height; i ++ )
            {
                 for (j = 0 ; j < width; j ++ )
                {
                     int  index;
                     if (j % 2 == 0 )
                        index  =  buffer[(i * pitch + j) / 2 ] / 16 ;

                     if (j % 2 == 1 )
                        index  =  buffer[(i * pitch + j) / 2 ] % 16 ;

                    UCHAR r = quad[index].rgbRed;
                    UCHAR g = quad[index].rgbGreen;
                    UCHAR b = quad[index].rgbBlue;
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
    }
#pragma  endregion 16 color

#pragma  region 256 color
     //  256色图的解析
     if (info.bmiHeader.biBitCount == 8 )
    {
         int  pitch;
         if (width % 4 == 0 )
        {
            pitch = width;
        }
         else
        {
            pitch = width + 4 - width % 4 ;
        }

        RGBQUAD quad[ 256 ];
        fseek(fp,fileheader.bfOffBits - sizeof (RGBQUAD) * 256 , 0 );
        fread(quad, sizeof (RGBQUAD) * 256 , 1 ,fp);

         if (height > 0 )
        { // height>0 表示图片颠倒
             for ( int  i = 0 ;i < height;i ++ )
            {
                 for ( int  j = 0 ;j < width;j ++ )
                {
                     int  index = buffer[i * pitch + j];
                    UCHAR r = quad[index].rgbRed;
                    UCHAR g = quad[index].rgbGreen;
                    UCHAR b = quad[index].rgbBlue;
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,height - i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
         else
        {
             for ( int  i = 0 ;i < 0 - height;i ++ )
            {
                 for ( int  j = 0 ;j < width;j ++ )
                {
                     int  index = buffer[i * pitch + j];
                    UCHAR r = quad[index].rgbRed;
                    UCHAR g = quad[index].rgbGreen;
                    UCHAR b = quad[index].rgbBlue;
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
    }
#pragma  endregion 256 color

#pragma  region 24 bit
     //  24位图解析
     if (info.bmiHeader.biBitCount == 24 )
    {
         int  pitch = width % 4 ;
         //  bgr
         if (height > 0 )
        { // height>0 表示图片颠倒
             for ( int  i = 0 ;i < height;i ++ )
            {
                 int  realPitch = i * pitch;
                 for ( int  j = 0 ;j < width;j ++ )
                {
                    UCHAR b = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + realPitch];
                    UCHAR g = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + 1 + realPitch];
                    UCHAR r = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + 2 + realPitch];
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,height - i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
         else
        {
             for ( int  i = 0 ;i < 0 - height;i ++ )
            {
                 int  realPitch = i * pitch;
                 for ( int  j = 0 ;j < width;j ++ )
                {
                    UCHAR b = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + realPitch];
                    UCHAR g = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + 1 + realPitch];
                    UCHAR r = buffer[(i * width + j) * 3 + 2 + realPitch];
                    pDC -> SetPixel(j,i,RGB(r,g,b));
                }
            }
        }
    }
#pragma  endregion 24 bit

     this -> ReleaseDC(pDC); // 释放掉绘制上下文
    delete[] buffer; // 释放缓冲区
    fclose(fp);  // 关闭BMP文件
}