Java：Echo程序（练手）

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Abstract 概述

Echo程序，即在Client输入内容，Server接收到后在开头加上“Echo: ”后再返回给Client的程序。这是一个TCP连接的程序。

涉及：

• I/O
• Socket
• Multi-Thread

注意（坑）：

• 网络IO中只能传输字节流，不能直接传输字符流。
• 无论是Client还是Server，都应该将获取的字节流内容转换为字符流，以防中文乱码。

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Description 具体步骤

步骤一：实现基本功能

• Server可以反复接收由Client发送的消息并回应；
• Client可以反复向Server发送信息；

Server:

public class EchoServer {

	@SuppressWarnings("resource")
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		ServerSocket server = null;
		Socket client = null;
		PrintStream out = null;
		BufferedReader in = null;
		
		System.out.println("Running service...");
		//service start
		server = new ServerSocket(8888);
		System.out.println("Waiting for connection..");
		
		while(true){
			client = server.accept();
			SocketAddress addr = client.getRemoteSocketAddress();

			System.out.println("Establishing connection: " + addr);
			
			//keep talking with the user
			while(true){
				in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
				String content = in.readLine();
				
				//if user wanna quit the program, just let him go.
				if(content == null || ".quit".equals(content.toLowerCase())) break;
				
				System.out.println("Receive: " + content);
				
				out = new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream());
				out.println("ECHO: " + content);
				System.out.println("Replied.");
				
			}
			in.close();
			out.close();
			client.close();
			System.out.println("Session ended: " + addr);
		}
	}

}

Client:

public class EchoClient {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		BufferedReader kbInput = null;
		Socket socket = null;
		PrintStream out = null;
		BufferedReader in = null;
		
		socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
		kbInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		while(true){
			//get keyboard input
			String content = kbInput.readLine();
			
			if(content == null || content.trim().length() == 0 || ".quit".equals(content)) break;
			
			//send message to server
			out = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
			out.println(content);
			
			//retrieve message from server
			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
			String reply = in.readLine();
			System.out.println(reply);
		
		}
		socket.close();
	}
	
}

虽然实现了基本功能，但却只能处理单个Client连接。 如图：左上角为Server，只能显示单个Client的消息（右上角），不能处理其他Client的连接（左下角），并且会在当前Client（右上角）退出后抛出SocketException，Server终止运行，因此需要进行步骤二的改进：使用多线程来实现。

当前Client退出后：

步骤二：Server改用多线程

新建线程类处理Client的输入：

public class EchoServerThread implements Runnable{

	private Socket socket;
	
	public EchoServerThread(Socket socket) {
		this.socket = socket;
	}

	@Override
	public void run(){
		BufferedReader reader = null;
		PrintStream out = null;

		try{
			SocketAddress addr = socket.getRemoteSocketAddress();
			System.out.println("Connected: " + addr);
			
			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
			out = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
			while(true){
				String content = reader.readLine();
				
				//if user wanna leave, just let him go
				if(content == null || content.trim().length() == 0 || ".quit".equals(content)) break;
				
				out.println("Echo: " + content);
				System.out.println("Received: " + content);
			}
			socket.close();
			System.out.println("Connection ended: " + addr);
		}catch(IOException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
	
}

Server里将循环中的代码用EchoServerThread替换掉：

public class EchoServer {

	@SuppressWarnings("resource")
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		ServerSocket server = null;
		Socket client = null;
		PrintStream out = null;
		BufferedReader in = null;
		
		System.out.println("Running service...");
		//service start
		server = new ServerSocket(8888);
		System.out.println("Waiting for connection..");
		
		while(true){
			client = server.accept();
			new Thread(new EchoServerThread(client)).start();
		}
	}

}

Client不变：

public class EchoClient {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		BufferedReader kbInput = null;
		Socket socket = null;
		PrintStream out = null;
		BufferedReader in = null;
		
		socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
		kbInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		while(true){
			//get keyboard input
			String content = kbInput.readLine();
			
			if(content == null || content.trim().length() == 0 || ".quit".equals(content)) break;
			
			//send message to server
			out = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
			out.println(content);
			
			//retrieve message from server
			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
			String reply = in.readLine();
			System.out.println(reply);
		
		}
		socket.close();
	}
	
}

多个Client同时连接或退出，从Server打印的信息可看到运作正常。

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Others 其他

水平所限，或有疏漏，如有任何错误或建议，还望不吝赐教。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/SCVTheDefect/blog/531161