java9系列(七)Variable Handles

序

本文主要研究下JEP 193: Variable Handles

Variable Handles

Variable Handles的API主要是用来取代java.util.concurrent.atomic包以及sun.misc.Unsafe类的功能。一个variable handle是一个variable的类型引用，用来在一系列访问模式下来读写variable。支持的variable包括实例变量，静态成员，数据元素等。Variable Handles需要依赖jvm的增强及编译器的协助，即需要依赖java语言规范及jvm规范的升级。

实例

目标类

    public static class Demo {
        public int count = 1;
        protected long sum = 100;
        private String name = "init";
        public int[] arrayData = new int[]{3,5,7};

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Demo{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", count=" + count +
                    ", sum=" + sum +
                    ", data=" + Arrays.toString(arrayData) +
                    '}';
        }
    }
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访问public成员

    @Test
    public void testSetPublicField() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Demo instance = new Demo();
        VarHandle countHandle = MethodHandles.lookup()
                .in(Demo.class)
                .findVarHandle(Demo.class, "count", int.class);
        countHandle.set(instance,99);
        System.out.println(instance.count);
    }
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输出

99
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访问proteced成员

    @Test
    public void testSetProtectedField() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Demo instance = new Demo();
        VarHandle countHandle = MethodHandles.lookup()
                .in(Demo.class)
                .findVarHandle(Demo.class, "sum", long.class);
        countHandle.set(instance,99999);
        System.out.println(instance);
    }
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输出

Demo{name='init', count=1, sum=99999, data=[3, 5, 7]}
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访问private成员

    @Test
    public void testSetPrivateField() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Demo instance = new Demo();
        VarHandle countHandle = MethodHandles.privateLookupIn(Demo.class,MethodHandles.lookup())
                .findVarHandle(Demo.class, "name", String.class);
        countHandle.set(instance,"hello world");
        System.out.println(instance);
    }
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输出

Demo{name='hello world', count=1, sum=100, data=[3, 5, 7]}
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访问数组类型

    @Test
    public void testSetArray(){
        Demo instance = new Demo();
        VarHandle arrayVarHandle = MethodHandles.arrayElementVarHandle(int[].class);
        arrayVarHandle.compareAndSet(instance.arrayData,0,3,100);
        arrayVarHandle.compareAndSet(instance.arrayData,1,5,300);
        System.out.println(instance);
    }
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输出

Demo{name='init', count=1, sum=100, data=[100, 300, 7]}
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access modes

主要的访问模式有如下几种：

read access modes

such as reading a variable with volatile memory ordering effects; 主要有如下几个方法：get, getVolatile, getAcquire, getOpaque.

• get

with memory semantics of reading as if the variable was declared non-{@code volatile}. Commonly referred to as plain read access.

• getVolatile

用于读取volatile修饰的变量

• getAcquire

ensures that subsequent loads and stores are not reordered before this access.

• getOpaque

accessed in program order, but with no assurance of memory ordering effects with respect to other threads.

write access modes

such as updating a variable with release memory ordering effects; 主要有如下几个方法：set, setVolatile, setRelease, setOpaque.

atomic update access modes

such as a compare-and-set on a variable with volatile memory order effects for both read and writing; 主要有如下几个方法：compareAndSet, weakCompareAndSetPlain, weakCompareAndSet, weakCompareAndSetAcquire, weakCompareAndSetRelease, compareAndExchangeAcquire, compareAndExchange, compareAndExchangeRelease, getAndSet, getAndSetAcquire, getAndSetRelease.

numeric atomic update access modes

such as get-and-add with plain memory order effects for writing and acquire memory order effects for reading. 主要有如下几个方法：getAndAdd, getAndAddAcquire, getAndAddRelease

bitwise atomic update access modes

such as get-and-bitwise-and with release memory order effects for writing and plain memory order effects for reading. 主要有如下几个方法：getAndBitwiseOr, getAndBitwiseOrAcquire, getAndBitwiseOrRelease, getAndBitwiseAnd, getAndBitwiseAndAcquire, getAndBitwiseAndRelease, getAndBitwiseXor, getAndBitwiseXorAcquire, getAndBitwiseXorRelease.

小结

java9废弃了sun.misc.Unsafe类，引入了VarHandle作为替代。关于access modes部分涉及了JVM的内存模型，需要了解内存可见性、指令重排序等，才能使用好相关api。

doc

• JDK 9 features
• JEP 193: Variable Handles
• VarHandle
• Java 9 Variable Handles Demystified
• Java 9 series: Variable Handles
• Variable Handle In Java 9
• Correct way to use VarHandle in Java 9?
• Java 9 Variable Handles