- 写在前面
昨天有同学问到我一题关于重构二叉树的问题(link),做了一下,也做个记录吧!
所谓二叉树的重构,就是给你前序和中序,或者中序和后序,让你还原这棵二叉树.
注意:给出前序和后序是不能唯一确定一棵二叉树的,证明请看这儿.
一.给出前序和中序,重构二叉树
一个递归的过程:
当前结点的value:每一轮根据前序的第一个元素确定当前结点值.
左子树的中序遍历数组:以当前结点的value为分界点,将中序分为左部分和右部分,左部分即为左子树的中序遍历数组.
右子树的中序遍历数组:以当前结点的value为分界点,将中序分为左部分和右部分,右部分即为右子树的中序遍历数组.
左子树的前序遍历数组:pre[1 ... i] (i为左子树的中序遍历数组的个数).
右子树的前序遍历数组:pre[i+1 ... end](i为左子树的中序遍历数组的个数).
构造出这5个值,继续递归求左右子树即可.
题目1:重建二叉树(剑指offer)
给出前序和中序,要你重建二叉树.
按照上面所说递归即可,详见代码:
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2016 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Author: crazyacking
* Date : 2016-01-03-21.09
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long( LL);
typedef unsigned long long( ULL);
const double eps( 1e-8);
/**
* Definition for binary tree
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
struct TreeNode
{
int val;
TreeNode * left;
TreeNode * right;
TreeNode( int x) : val( x ), left( NULL ), right( NULL) {}
};
class Solution
{
public :
vector < int > tpr;
vector < int > tin;
void reBuild( int a , int b , int n , TreeNode * treeNode)
{
if(n == 1) // leaf node
{
treeNode = new TreeNode( tpr [ a ]);
return ;
}
else if(n <= 0) // null node
return ;
int i = 0;
for(; tpr [ a ] != tin [b + i ]; ++ i);
TreeNode * lson , * rson;
reBuild( a + 1 ,b , i , lson);
reBuild( a + 1 + i ,b + 1 + i ,n - i - 1 , rson);
treeNode = new TreeNode( tpr [ a ]);
treeNode -> left = lson;
treeNode -> right = rson;
}
struct TreeNode * reConstructBinaryTree( vector < int > pre , vector < int > in)
{
tpr . clear();
tin . clear();
for( int i = 0; i < pre . size(); ++ i)
tpr . push_back( pre [ i ]);
for( int i = 0; i < in . size(); ++ i)
tin . push_back( in [ i ]);
TreeNode * root;
int n = pre . size();
reBuild( 0 , 0 ,n , root);
return root;
}
};
void DFS( TreeNode * root)
{
if( root)
{
cout <<( root -> val) << " ";
}
else return ;
if( root -> left)
DFS( root -> left);
if( root -> right)
DFS( root -> right);
}
int main()
{
freopen( "D: \\ Desktop \\ in.txt" , "r" , stdin);
int n;
vector < int > pre;
vector < int > in;
while( cin >>n)
{
pre . clear();
in . clear();
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
int tmp;
cin >> tmp;
pre . push_back( tmp);
}
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
int tmp;
cin >> tmp;
in . push_back( tmp);
}
Solution a;
TreeNode * root = a . reConstructBinaryTree( pre , in);
DFS( root);
}
return 0;
}
题目2:HDU 1710 Binary Tree Traversals
方法一:也很简单,根据上面说的方法递归建树,然后按照后序访问输出即可.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2016 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Author: crazyacking
* Date : 2016-01-04-18.01
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long( LL);
typedef unsigned long long( ULL);
const double eps( 1e-8);
int n;
vector < int > pr;
vector < int > in;
struct TreeNode
{
int val;
TreeNode * left , * right;
TreeNode( int v) : val( v ), left( NULL ), right( NULL ){}
};
TreeNode * reBuildBinaryTree( vector < int > pr , vector < int > in)
{
if( pr . size() == 0 || in . size() == 0)
return NULL;
int root = pr [ 0 ];
TreeNode * node = new TreeNode( root);
vector < int > prLeft , prRight , inLeft , inRight;
int i = 0;
for(; pr [ 0 ] != in [ i ]; ++ i);
for( int j = 0; j != i; ++ j)
inLeft . push_back( in [ j ]);
for( int j = i + 1; j < in . size(); ++ j)
inRight . push_back( in [ j ]);
for( int j = 1; j < i + 1; ++ j)
prLeft . push_back( pr [ j ]);
for( int j = i + 1; j < pr . size(); ++ j)
prRight . push_back( pr [ j ]);
node -> left = reBuildBinaryTree( prLeft , inLeft);
node -> right = reBuildBinaryTree( prRight , inRight);
return node;
}
vector < int > po;
void getPostOrder( TreeNode * root , bool flag)
{
if( root -> left)
getPostOrder( root -> left , 0);
if( root -> right)
getPostOrder( root -> right , 0);
po . push_back( root -> val);
}
int main()
{
while( cin >>n)
{
int tmp;
pr . clear();
in . clear();
po . clear();
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
cin >> tmp;
pr . push_back( tmp);
}
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
cin >> tmp;
in . push_back( tmp);
}
TreeNode * root = reBuildBinaryTree( pr , in);
getPostOrder( root , 1);
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
if( i <n - 1) cout << po [ i ] << " ";
else cout << po [ i ] << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
方法二:由于题目没让重构二叉树,只让输出后序访问的顺序,因此可直接访问输出.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2016 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Author: crazyacking
* Date : 2016-01-04-20.09
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long( LL);
typedef unsigned long long( ULL);
const double eps( 1e-8);
int n;
vector < int > pr; // pre Order
vector < int > in; // in Order
vector < int > po; // post Order
void getPostOrder( int a , int b , int n , bool flag)
{
if(n == 1)
{
po . push_back( pr [ a ]);
return;
}
else if(n <= 0)
return;
int i = 0;
for(; pr [ a ] != in [b + i ]; ++ i);
getPostOrder( a + 1 ,b , i , false);
getPostOrder( a + i + 1 ,b + i + 1 ,n - i - 1 , false);
po . push_back( pr [ a ]);
}
int main()
{
while( cin >>n)
{
pr . clear();
in . clear();
po . clear();
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
int tmp;
cin >> tmp;
pr . push_back( tmp);
}
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
int tmp;
cin >> tmp;
in . push_back( tmp);
}
getPostOrder( 0 , 0 ,n , true);
for( int i = 0; i <n; ++ i)
{
if( i <n - 1)
cout << po [ i ] << " ";
else cout << po [ i ] << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
二.给出后序和中序,重构二叉树
一个递归的过程:
当前结点的value:每一轮根据前序的最后一个元素确定当前结点值.
左子树的中序遍历数组:以当前结点的value为分界点,将中序分为左部分和右部分,左部分即为左子树的中序遍历数组.
右子树的中序遍历数组:以当前结点的value为分界点,将中序分为左部分和右部分,右部分即为右子树的中序遍历数组.
左子树的前序遍历数组:pre[0 ... i-1] (i为左子树的中序遍历数组的个数).
右子树的前序遍历数组:pre[i ... end-1](i为左子树的中序遍历数组的个数).
构造出这5个值,继续递归求左右子树即可.
红色部分标出的是和上面的不同点,其余都相同.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2016 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Author: crazyacking
* Date : 2016-01-04-22.07
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long( LL);
typedef unsigned long long( ULL);
const double eps( 1e-8);
int n;
vector < int > po;
vector < int > in;
struct TreeNode
{
int val;
TreeNode * left , * right;
TreeNode( int v) : val( v ), left( NULL ), right( NULL ){}
};
TreeNode * reBuildBinaryTree( vector < int > po , vector < int > in)
{
if( po . size() == 0 || in . size() == 0)
return NULL;
int root = po [ po . size() - 1 ];
TreeNode * node = new TreeNode( root);
vector < int > poLeft , poRight , inLeft , inRight;
int i = 0;
for(; in [ i ] != root; ++ i);
for( int j = 0; j < i; ++ j)
inLeft . push_back( in [ j ]);
for( int j = i + 1; j < in . size(); ++ j)
inRight . push_back( in [ j ]);
for( int j = 0; j < i; ++ j)
poLeft . push_back( po [ j ]);
for( int j = i; j < po . size() - 1; ++ j)
poRight . push_back( po [ j ]);
node -> left = reBuildBinaryTree( poLeft , inLeft);
node -> right = reBuildBinaryTree( poRight , inRight);
return node;
}
void print_BFS( TreeNode * root)
{
queue < TreeNode *> q;
q . push( root);
while( ! q . empty())
{
TreeNode * now = q . front();
q . pop();
cout <<( now -> val) << " ";
if( now -> left) q . push( now -> left);
if( now -> right) q . push( now -> right);
}
}
int main()
{
// test demo
int a [] = { 7 , 4 , 2 , 5 , 8 , 6 , 3 , 1 };
int b [] = { 4 , 7 , 2 , 1 , 5 , 3 , 8 , 6 };
po . clear();
in . clear();
for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++ i)
{
po . push_back( a [ i ]);
in . push_back(b [ i ]);
}
TreeNode * root = reBuildBinaryTree( po , in);
print_BFS( root);
return 0;
}