三角函数式的求值[给角求值]

一、相关变形

• 切化弦，1的代换，通分约分，配方展开，提取公因式，公式的逆用，变用，

这类题目往往需要将非特殊角拆分，然后最后一步约掉含有非特殊角的代数式，就得到了最终的值。

• 常见的互余，倍角等

\((\cfrac{\pi}{4}+\theta)+(\cfrac{\pi}{4}-\theta)=\cfrac{\pi}{2}\)；\((\cfrac{\pi}{3}+\theta)+(\cfrac{\pi}{6}-\theta)=\cfrac{\pi}{2}\)；

\(2x\pm\cfrac{\pi}{2}=2(x\pm\cfrac{\pi}{4})\)；\(2\alpha\pm\cfrac{\pi}{3}=2(\alpha\pm\cfrac{\pi}{6})\)；

• 常见的配角技巧：

\(2\alpha=(\alpha+\beta)+(\alpha-\beta)\)；\(2\beta=(\alpha+\beta)-(\alpha-\beta)\)；

\(\alpha=(\alpha+\beta)-\beta\)；\(\beta=\alpha-(\alpha-\beta)\)；

\(\alpha=\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}+\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\)；\(\beta=\cfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}-\cfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\)；

二、典例剖析：

例1化简求值：\(\cfrac{3-sin70^{\circ}}{2-cos^210^{\circ}}\)

分析：\(\cfrac{3-sin70^{\circ}}{2-cos^210^{\circ}}=\cfrac{3-cos20^{\circ}}{2-cos^210^{\circ}}=\cfrac{3-(2cos^210^{\circ}-1)}{2-cos^210^{\circ}}=\cfrac{2(2-cos^210^{\circ})}{2-cos^210^{\circ}}=2\)

例2化简求值：\(4cos50^{\circ}-tan40^{\circ}\)

分析：\(4cos50^{\circ}-tan40^{\circ}=4cos50^{\circ}-\cfrac{sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}=\cfrac{4cos50^{\circ}cos40^{\circ}-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}=\cfrac{4sin40^{\circ}cos40^{\circ}-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{2sin80^{\circ}-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}=\cfrac{2cos10^{\circ}-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}=\cfrac{2cos(40^{\circ}-30^{\circ})-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{2cos40^{\circ}\cdot \cfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+2sin40^{\circ}\cdot \cfrac{1}{2}-sin40^{\circ}}{cos40^{\circ}}=\sqrt{3}\).

例3化简求值：\(\cfrac{sin8^{\circ}+sin7^{\circ}cos15^{\circ}}{cos8^{\circ}-sin7^{\circ}sin15^{\circ}}\)

分析：\(\cfrac{sin8^{\circ}+sin7^{\circ}cos15^{\circ}}{cos8^{\circ}-sin7^{\circ}sin15^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{sin(15^{\circ}-7^{\circ})+sin7^{\circ}cos15^{\circ}}{cos(15^{\circ}-7^{\circ})-sin7^{\circ}sin15^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{sin15^{\circ}}{cos15^{\circ}}=tan15^{\circ}=2-\sqrt{3}\)。

例4化简求值：\(cos\cfrac{\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}\)

分析：\(cos\cfrac{\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}=\cfrac{2sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}cos\cfrac{\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}}{2sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}\)

\(=\cfrac{sin\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}}{2sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}=\cfrac{2sin\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{2\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}}{2^2sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}\)

\(=\cfrac{2sin\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{4\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}}{2^3sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}=\cfrac{2sin\cfrac{8\pi}{17}\cdot cos\cfrac{8\pi}{17}}{2^4sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}\)

\(=\cfrac{sin\cfrac{16\pi}{17}}{2^4sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}=\cfrac{sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}{2^4sin\cfrac{\pi}{17}}=\cfrac{1}{16}\)

例5已知\(sinx+cosx=\cfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)，化简求值：\(sin^4x+cos^4x\)

分析：由题目可知，\((sinx+cosx)^2=(\cfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2})^2\)，即\(1+2sinxcosx=\cfrac{1}{2}\)，故\(2sinxcosx=-\cfrac{1}{2}\)

\(sin^4x+cos^4x=(sin^2x+cos^2x)^2-2sinx^2cos^2x=1-2sinx^2cos^2x=1-\cfrac{1}{2}(2sinxcosx)^2=1-\cfrac{1}{8}=\cfrac{7}{8}\)

例6化简求值：\(\cfrac{sin47^{\circ}-sin17^{\circ}cos30^{\circ}}{cos17^{\circ}}\)

分析：\(\cfrac{sin47^{\circ}-sin17^{\circ}cos30^{\circ}}{cos17^{\circ}}\)
\(=\cfrac{sin(30^{\circ}+17^{\circ})-sin17^{\circ}cos30^{\circ}}{cos17^{\circ}}\)
\(=\cfrac{sin30^{\circ}cos17^{\circ}}{cos17^{\circ}}\)
\(=\sin30^{\circ}=\cfrac{1}{2}\)。

例7求值\(\cfrac{1+cos20^{\circ}}{2sin20^{\circ}}-sin10^{\circ}(\cfrac{1}{tan5^{\circ}}-tan5^{\circ})\)

分析：原式\(=\cfrac{2cos^210^{\circ}}{2\cdot 2sin10^{\circ}cos10^{\circ}}-sin10^{\circ}(\cfrac{cos5^{\circ}}{sin5^{\circ}}-\cfrac{sin5^{\circ}}{cos5^{\circ}})\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}-sin10^{\circ}(\cfrac{cos^25^{\circ}-sin^25^{\circ}}{sin5^{\circ}cos5^{\circ}})\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}-sin10^{\circ}\cfrac{2cos10^{\circ}}{2sin5^{\circ}cos5^{\circ}})\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}-2cos10^{\circ}\)

\(==\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}-\cfrac{2cos10^{\circ}\cdot 2sin10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}-2sin20^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}-2sin(30^{\circ}-10^{\circ})}{2sin10^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}-cos10^{\circ}+2\cdot \cfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sin10^{\circ}}{2sin10^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)。

例8求值\(\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}-\sqrt{3}cos(-100^{\circ})}{\sqrt{1-sin10^{\circ}}}\)

分析：原式\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}-\sqrt{3}cos(100^{\circ})}{\sqrt{1-sin10^{\circ}}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}+\sqrt{3}sin10^{\circ}}{\sqrt{1-sin10^{\circ}}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}+\sqrt{3}sin10^{\circ}}{\sqrt{(cos5^{\circ}-sin5^{\circ})^2}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos10^{\circ}+\sqrt{3}sin10^{\circ}}{cos5^{\circ}-sin5^{\circ})^2}\)

\(=\cfrac{2sin(10^{\circ}+30^{\circ})}{-\sqrt{2}sin(5^{\circ}-45^{\circ})}\)

\(=\cfrac{2sin40^{\circ}}{\sqrt{2}sin40^{\circ}}=\sqrt{2}\)。

例9化简求值\(\cfrac{cos40^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}\cdot \sqrt{1-sin40^{\circ}}}\)

分析：原式\(=\cfrac{cos40^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}\cdot \sqrt{(sin20^{\circ}-cos20^{\circ})^2}}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos40^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}\cdot |sin20^{\circ}-cos20^{\circ}|}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos^220^{\circ}-sin^220^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}(cos20^{\circ}-sin20^{\circ})}\)

\(=\cfrac{cos20^{\circ}+sin20^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\sqrt{2}sin(20^{\circ}+45^{\circ})}{cos25^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\sqrt{2}sin65^{\circ}}{cos25^{\circ}}=\sqrt{2}\).

例10化简求值\(\cfrac{\sqrt{3}tan12^{\circ}-3}{(4cos^212^{\circ}-2)sin12^{\circ}}\)

分析：原式=\(\cfrac{\sqrt{3}\cfrac{sin12^{\circ}}{cos12^{\circ}}-3\cfrac{cos12^{\circ}}{cos12^{\circ}}}{2(2cos^212^{\circ}-1)sin12^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\sqrt{3}\cdot \cfrac{sin12^{\circ}-\sqrt{3}cos12^{\circ}}{cos12^{\circ}}}{2cos24^{\circ}sin12^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\sqrt{3}\cdot 2sin(12^{\circ}-60^{\circ})}{2cos24^{\circ}sin12^{\circ}cos12^{\circ}}\)

\(=\cfrac{2\sqrt{3}sin(-48)^{\circ}}{sin24^{\circ}cos24^{\circ}}=-4\sqrt{3}\)。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghai0666/p/8393695.html