Flask-RESTful 是一个 Flask 扩展，它添加了快速构建 REST APIs 的支持。它当然也是一个能够跟你现有的ORM/库协同工作的轻量级的扩展。
快速入门
api.py
from flask import Flask from flask.ext import restful app = Flask(__name__) api = restful.Api(app) class HelloWorld(restful.Resource): def get(self): return {'hello': 'world'} api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/') if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
运行
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$ python api.py
* Running on http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/
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另打开一个命令窗口，测试这个API：
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$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
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心得
- api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/')，add_resource函数添加类HelloWorld
- curl时，返回{'hello': 'world'}，默认是GET
- -X后面的命令不分大小写
证例如下
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jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
-X GET
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
-X get
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
-X Get
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
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资源丰富的路由
Flask-RESTful 提供的最主要的基础就是资源(resources)
api_Routing.py
from flask import Flask, request from flask.ext.restful import Resource, Api app = Flask(__name__) api = Api(app) todos = {} class TodoSimple(Resource): def get(self, todo_id): return {todo_id: todos[todo_id]} def put(self, todo_id): todos[todo_id] = request.form['data'] return {todo_id: todos[todo_id]} api.add_resource(TodoSimple, '/<string:todo_id>') if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
运行
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$ python api_Routing.py
* Running on http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/
|
另一命令窗口
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jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
1
-d
'data=apple'
-X PUT
{
"todo1"
:
"apple"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
1
{
"todo1"
:
"apple"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
2
-d
'data=banana'
-X PUT
{
"todo2"
:
"banana"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
2
{
"todo2"
:
"banana"
}
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心得
- -d 是增加数据的参数
- 因put函数中request.form['data']找'data'这一项，所有-d 后面的数据必须有 data=
证例如下
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jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
1
-d
'data=jimi'
-X PUT
{
"todo1"
:
"jimi"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
1
-X GET
{
"todo1"
:
"jimi"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todo
1
-d
'task=jimi'
-X PUT
{
"message"
:
"The browser (or proxy) sent a request that this server could not understand."
#server无法理解请求
}
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多种类型的返回值
api_mulout.py
from flask import Flask, request from flask.ext.restful import Resource, Api app = Flask(__name__) api = Api(app) todos = {} class Todo1(Resource): def get(self): return {'task': 'apple'} class Todo2(Resource): def get(self): return {'task': 'babana'}, 201 class Todo3(Resource): def get(self): return {'task': 'pear'}, 201, {'data': 'peach'} api.add_resource(Todo1, '/Todo1') api.add_resource(Todo2, '/Todo2') api.add_resource(Todo3, '/Todo3') if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(debug=True)
运行
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$ python api_mulout.py
* Running on http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
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另一命令行窗口
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jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/Todo
1
{
"task"
:
"apple"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/Todo
2
{
"task"
:
"babana"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/Todo
3
{
"task"
:
"pear"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/Todo
4
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"
>
<title>
404
Not Found</title>
<h
1
>Not Found</h
1
>
<p>The requested URL was not found on the server. If you entered the URL manually please check your spelling and try again.</p>
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心得
- api.add_resource通过第二个参数关联第一个参数指定的类
多URL访问同一个资源
api_points.py
from flask import Flask from flask.ext import restful app = Flask(__name__) api = restful.Api(app) class HelloWorld(restful.Resource): def get(self): return {'hello': 'world'} api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/', '/hello') if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
运行
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$ python api_points.py
* Running on http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
|
另一个命令窗口执行
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jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/hello
{
"hello"
:
"world"
}
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完整案例
whole.py
from flask import Flask from flask.ext.restful import reqparse, abort, Api, Resource app = Flask(__name__) api = Api(app) TODOS = { 'todo1': {'task': 'build an API'}, 'todo2': {'task': '?????'}, 'todo3': {'task': 'profit!'}, } def abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id): if todo_id not in TODOS: abort(404, message="Todo {} doesn't exist".format(todo_id)) parser = reqparse.RequestParser() parser.add_argument('task', type=str) # Todo # show a single todo item and lets you delete them class Todo(Resource): def get(self, todo_id): abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id) return TODOS[todo_id] def delete(self, todo_id): abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id) del TODOS[todo_id] return '', 204 def put(self, todo_id): args = parser.parse_args() task = {'task': args['task']} TODOS[todo_id] = task return task, 201 # TodoList # shows a list of all todos, and lets you POST to add new tasks class TodoList(Resource): def get(self): return TODOS def post(self): args = parser.parse_args() todo_id = int(max(TODOS.keys()).lstrip('todo')) + 1 todo_id = 'todo%i' % todo_id TODOS[todo_id] = {'task': args['task']} return TODOS[todo_id], 201 ## ## Actually setup the Api resource routing here ## api.add_resource(TodoList, '/todos') api.add_resource(Todo, '/todos/<todo_id>') if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
运行
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$ python whole.py
* Running on http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
|
另一个命令窗口执行
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jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todos
{
"todo1"
: {
"task"
:
"build an API"
},
"todo2"
: {
"task"
:
"?????"
},
"todo3"
: {
"task"
:
"profit!"
}
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todos/todo
2
{
"task"
:
"?????"
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todos -d
'task=hello'
-X POST -v
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
* Trying
127.0
.
0.1
...
* Connected to
127.0
.
0.1
(
127.0
.
0.1
) port
5000
(#
0
)
> POST /todos HTTP/
1.1
> User-Agent: curl/
7.37
.
1
> Host:
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
> Accept: *
/*
> Content-Length: 10
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>
* upload completely sent off: 10 out of 10 bytes
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length: 24
< Server: Werkzeug/0.10.4 Python/2.7.8
< Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 06:29:19 GMT
<
{
"task": "hello"
}
* Closing connection 0
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/todos
{
"todo1": {
"task": "build an API"
},
"todo2": {
"task": "?????"
},
"todo3": {
"task": "profit!"
},
"todo4": {
"task": "hello"
}
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/todos/todo2 -X DELETE -v
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
* Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
> DELETE /todos/todo2 HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.37.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:5000
> Accept: */
*
>
* HTTP
1.0
, assume close after body
< HTTP/
1.0
204
NO CONTENT
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length:
0
< Server: Werkzeug/
0.10
.
4
Python/
2.7
.
8
< Date: Tue,
14
Jul
2015
06:
29:
37
GMT
<
* Closing connection
0
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todos
{
"todo1"
: {
"task"
:
"build an API"
},
"todo3"
: {
"task"
:
"profit!"
},
"todo4"
: {
"task"
:
"hello"
}
}
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/todos/todo
3
-d
'task=misi'
-X PUT -v
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
* Trying
127.0
.
0.1
...
* Connected to
127.0
.
0.1
(
127.0
.
0.1
) port
5000
(#
0
)
> PUT /todos/todo
3
HTTP/
1.1
> User-Agent: curl/
7.37
.
1
> Host:
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
> Accept: */*
> Content-Length:
9
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>
* upload completely sent off:
9
out of
9
bytes
* HTTP
1.0
, assume close after body
< HTTP/
1.0
201
CREATED
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length:
23
< Server: Werkzeug/
0.10
.
4
Python/
2.7
.
8
< Date: Tue,
14
Jul
2015
06:
30:
24
GMT
<
{
"task"
:
"misi"
}
* Closing connection
0
jihite@ubuntu:~/project/flask$ curl http://
127.0
.
0.1:
5000
/
4
{
"todo1"
: {
"task"
:
"build an API"
},
"todo3"
: {
"task"
:
"misi"
},
"todo4"
: {
"task"
:
"hello"
}
}
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