一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
17:01:30 # cat /etc/issueCentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
yum install ansible
如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本，可以去github里下载源码
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible17:23:27 # lltotal 12-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts
其中ansible.cfg是配置文件，hosts是管理主机信息17:24:44 # cat hosts172.17.0.2:49154172.17.0.4:49155[zabbix]172.17.0.2:49154172.17.0.4:49155[***]172.17.0.1016:20:57 # ansible 127* -m pingSSH password: 127.0.0.1 | success >> { "changed": false,
"ping": "pong"}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m pingSSH password: 172.17.0.5 | success >> { "changed": false,
"ping": "pong"}172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false,
"ping": "pong"}172.17.0.2 | success >> { "changed": false,
"ping": "pong"}如果你有多台服务器的话，想并发运行，可以使用-f参数，默认是并发5
11:30:35 # ansible *** -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm11:30:44 # ansible *** -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/server",
"gid": 505,
"group": "test",
"md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "test",
"size": 7,
"src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 503}去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
11:34:57 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 76-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
11:35:09 # ansible *** -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
server还有另外一个模块file，可以修改用户与权限
13:50:07 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/serverserver文件是664权限，用户与组都是test
13:51:17 # ansible *** -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/server",
"size": 7,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible13:51:31 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server14:20:30 # ansible *** -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [ "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n" ]
}三、playbook配置管理
A.进行一下shell模块操作，测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test然后写一个删除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml
---- hosts: ***
remote_user: test
tasks:
- name: delete /tmp/server-test
shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directoryB.进行一下template模块操作，测试文件传输
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模块，测试一下服务重启
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -sSSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ][root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 84-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml [root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item` with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug输出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml ---
- hosts: ***
remote_user: test
gather_facts: True
tasks:
- name: debug to print interface
debug: msg="`item`"
with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => { "item": "10.10.32.34",
"msg": "10.10.32.34"}
G.check模式，仅检测，但不实行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
使用diff与不使用作对比
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@+server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "10.10.32.34",
"10.10.32.34" ],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667" ],
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",
"ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",
"ansible_cmdline": { "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
"KEYTABLE": "us",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"quiet": true,
"rd_NO_DM": true,
"rd_NO_LUKS": true,
"rd_NO_LVM": true,
"rd_NO_MD": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c" },数据太多，我就展示部分。
10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集，一般如果你配置里没有使用fact的话，可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test# gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi"[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m8.396suser 0m0.796ssys 0m0.158s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.309suser 0m0.724ssys 0m0.108s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.409suser 0m0.716ssys 0m0.099s
可以看到第一次8s，后2次都是3s
下面是优化后（未使用fact）
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi"[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.758suser 0m0.585ssys 0m0.096s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.359suser 0m0.565ssys 0m0.077s
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname，然后把下面文件放到此目录
15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname #!/bin/bash#This script is modify system hostnameset -e# This is potentially dangeroussource ${1}OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"CHANGED="False"if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ];
then
hostname $hostnameOLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"CHANGED="True"fi
echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"exit 0
查看一下***的当前hostname
15:03:29 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34
15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
hosts: ***
tasks:
- name: Set the hostname
hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-3415:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -kSSH password: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名
16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
hosts: ***
tasks:
- name: Set the hostname
hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -sSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible16:26:55 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34-test
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量，在执行的时候制定变量从而执行，大大的提供了重复使用率
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: `host` remote_user: `user` gather_facts: `gather` tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题，使用--synctax-check
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp).
ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml
Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11---
- hosts: `host` ^
This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value.For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue withmissing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they
start a value. For instance:
with_items: - {{ foo }}
Should be written as: with_items: - "{{ foo }}" This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value.For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: "`host`" remote_user: "`user`" gather_facts: "`gather`" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp).
playbook: delete_vars.yml没有问题了，在运行一下
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry172.17.0.10 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=1 failed=0
无法运行，原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后，判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除，而我在运行的指定不收集fact，下面在指定收集fact
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml --- - hosts: "`host`" remote_user: "`user`" gather_facts: "`gather`" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-1 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-2
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp).
playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看一下客户端的文件情况
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
从上面测试可以看到，如果playbook使用了tag，并且在运行中指定tag，那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item` with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到如果不知道tag，那么运行的时候，会全部运行。
FAQ：
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> { "failed": true,
"msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",
"parsed": false}
原因是python版本过低，要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson，下面是官方的话
On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false,
"ping": "pong"}
2、默认ansible是使用key验证的，如果使用密码登陆的服务器，使用ansible的话，要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True给取消注释，要不就在运行命令时候加上-k，这个意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established. The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
如果想解决此问题，需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file需要你在最后添加参数-k
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/chongxixi/1827900
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