linux内核获取cpu,Linux内核CPU信息获取简介

1. CPU信息初始化函数调用

start_kernelàsetup_archàearly_cpu_initàearly_identify_cpuàcpu_detect等；

early_identify_cpu函数主要功能是记录内核所支持的CPU设备，并调用early_identify_cpu函数来完成CPU信息的初始化。

在early_identify_cpu函数中，有如下循环语句：

for (cdev = __x86_cpu_dev_start; cdev < __x86_cpu_dev_end; cdev++) {

const struct cpu_dev *cpudev = *cdev;

if (count >= X86_VENDOR_NUM)

break;

cpu_devs[count] = cpudev;

count++;

}

__x86_cpu_dev_start、__x86_cpu_dev_end变量定义在哪个文件呢？各个厂家的CPU信息又如何组合在一起的呢？

2. CPU信息组合

在arch/x86/kernel/目录下有编译链接脚本文件vmlinux.lds.S，在此文件中，包含了如下的代码段：

.x86_cpu_dev.init : AT(ADDR(.x86_cpu_dev.init) - LOAD_OFFSET) {

__x86_cpu_dev_start = .;

*(.x86_cpu_dev.init)

__x86_cpu_dev_end = .;

}

在arch/x86/kernel/cpu/目录下，有描述AMD CPU信息的amd.c文件，有描述Intel CPU信息的Intel.c文件，有描述Centaur CPU信息的Centaur.c文件，有描述Cyrix CPU信息和NSC CPU的Cyrix.c文件，有描述Transmeta CPU信息的Transmeta.c文件，有描述UMC CPU信息的Umc.c文件。我以前真不知道，除了AMD和Intel，还有这么多厂家也在生产和使用X86 CPU呀。

在这些文件中，都调用了相同的一个宏定义cpu_dev_register。此宏定义在arch\x86\kernel\cpu\cpu.h文件中，如下所示：

#define cpu_dev_register(cpu_devX) \

static const struct cpu_dev *const __cpu_dev_##cpu_devX __used \

__attribute__((__section__(".x86_cpu_dev.init"))) = \

&cpu_devX;

此宏定义通过使用__attribute__((__section__(".x86_cpu_dev.init")))将这些文件中包含的CPU设备变量组合在以__x86_cpu_dev_start开头的数组中。例如，AMD和Intel的CPU设备变量如下所示：

static const struct cpu_dev __cpuinitconst amd_cpu_dev = {

.c_vendor         = "AMD",

.c_ident   = { "AuthenticAMD" },

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32

.c_models = {

{ .vendor = X86_VENDOR_AMD, .family = 4, .model_names =

{

[3] = "486 DX/2",

[7] = "486 DX/2-WB",

[8] = "486 DX/4",

[9] = "486 DX/4-WB",

[14] = "Am5x86-WT",

[15] = "Am5x86-WB"

}

},

},

.c_size_cache  = amd_size_cache,

#endif

.c_early_init   = early_init_amd,

.c_init                = init_amd,

.c_x86_vendor          = X86_VENDOR_AMD,

};

cpu_dev_register(amd_cpu_dev);

static const struct cpu_dev __cpuinitconst intel_cpu_dev = {

.c_vendor         = "Intel",

.c_ident   = { "GenuineIntel" },

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32

.c_models = {

{ .vendor = X86_VENDOR_INTEL, .family = 4, .model_names =

{

[0] = "486 DX-25/33",

[1] = "486 DX-50",

[2] = "486 SX",

[3] = "486 DX/2",

[4] = "486 SL",

[5] = "486 SX/2",

[7] = "486 DX/2-WB",

[8] = "486 DX/4",

[9] = "486 DX/4-WB"

}

},

{ .vendor = X86_VENDOR_INTEL, .family = 5, .model_names =

{

[0] = "Pentium 60/66 A-step",

[1] = "Pentium 60/66",

[2] = "Pentium 75 - 200",

[3] = "OverDrive PODP5V83",

[4] = "Pentium MMX",

[7] = "Mobile Pentium 75 - 200",

[8] = "Mobile Pentium MMX"

}

},

{ .vendor = X86_VENDOR_INTEL, .family = 6, .model_names =

{

[0] = "Pentium Pro A-step",

[1] = "Pentium Pro",

[3] = "Pentium II (Klamath)",

[4] = "Pentium II (Deschutes)",

[5] = "Pentium II (Deschutes)",

[6] = "Mobile Pentium II",

[7] = "Pentium III (Katmai)",

[8] = "Pentium III (Coppermine)",

[10] = "Pentium III (Cascades)",

[11] = "Pentium III (Tualatin)",

}

},

{ .vendor = X86_VENDOR_INTEL, .family = 15, .model_names =

{

[0] = "Pentium 4 (Unknown)",

[1] = "Pentium 4 (Willamette)",

[2] = "Pentium 4 (Northwood)",

[4] = "Pentium 4 (Foster)",

[5] = "Pentium 4 (Foster)",

}

},

},

.c_size_cache  = intel_size_cache,

#endif

.c_early_init   = early_init_intel,

.c_init                = init_intel,

.c_x86_vendor          = X86_VENDOR_INTEL,

};

cpu_dev_register(intel_cpu_dev);

在结构体变量cpu_dev中提供了回调函数。这样，CPU信息初始化代码可以调用这些回调函数得到更加详细的CPU信息。