Enterprise Library 4.1学习笔记4----缓存应用程序块

缓存是个啥？以及为啥要用缓存就不废话了，主要是从实用角度讲下怎么用

1.先添加对Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching.dll的引用

2.修改web.config文件,注意高度部分

<configSections>
    ...
    <section name="cachingConfiguration" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching.Configuration.CacheManagerSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching, Version=4.1.0.0, Culture=neutral" />
 ...

</configSections>
  <cachingConfiguration defaultCacheManager="Cache Manager">
    <cacheManagers>
      <add expirationPollFrequencyInSeconds="60" maximumElementsInCacheBeforeScavenging="1000"
        numberToRemoveWhenScavenging="10" backingStoreName="Null Storage"
        type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching.CacheManager, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching, Version=4.1.0.0, Culture=neutral"
        name="Cache Manager" />
    </cacheManagers>
    <backingStores>
      <add encryptionProviderName="" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching.BackingStoreImplementations.NullBackingStore, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching, Version=4.1.0.0, Culture=neutral"
        name="Null Storage" />
    </backingStores>
  </cachingConfiguration>
...

3.使用缓存，见下面的代码，关键地方都加了注释

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching;
using  Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Caching.Expirations;

namespace  CacheTest
{
     ///   <summary>
     ///  定义要缓存的实体类
     ///   </summary>
     public   class  MyData
    {
         public   string  Name {  set ;  get ; }
         public   int  Age {  set ;  get ; }
         public   string  Color {  set ;  get ; }
    }

     public   partial   class  _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
         const   string  KEYNAME  =   " myDate " ; // 缓存的键值

        ICacheManager cacheManager;

         protected   void  Page_Load( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            cacheManager  =  CacheFactory.GetCacheManager(); // 实例化ICachemanager
        }

         protected   void  btnWrite_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             // 生成要缓存的数据(实际开发中可以是从数据库查询出来的数据)
            List < MyData >  _list  =   new  List < MyData > { 
                 new  MyData(){ Age = 1 , Color = " Yellow " , Name = " China " },
                 new  MyData{ Age = 2 ,Color = " Black " ,Name = " USA " }
            };

            AbsoluteTime _ExpireTime  =   new  AbsoluteTime(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds( 30 )); // 指定30秒后过期

            cacheManager.Add(KEYNAME, _list, CacheItemPriority.Normal,  null , _ExpireTime); // 加入缓存


            Response.Write( " Cache写入完成, "   +  DateTime.Now.ToString());
        }

         protected   void  btnRead_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {

             this .R1.DataSource  =  GetCacheData();
             this .R1.DataBind();
            Response.Write( " Cache加载完成, "   +  DateTime.Now.ToString());

        }

         ///   <summary>
         ///  获取缓存数据
         ///   </summary>
         ///   <returns></returns>
         public  List < MyData >  GetCacheData()
        {
            List < MyData >  _cacheData  =  cacheManager.GetData(KEYNAME)  as  List < MyData > ;

             if  ( null   ==  _cacheData) // 记得一定要加此判断(因为缓存可能过期)
            {
                 // 如果缓存数据为空，则重新生成数据，并加入缓存(为检测效果，特地把Color与Name前加了一个"New")
                _cacheData  =   new  List < MyData > { 
                 new  MyData(){ Age = 1 , Color = " New Yellow " , Name = " New China " },
                 new  MyData{ Age = 2 ,Color = " New Black " ,Name = " New USA " }
                };

                AbsoluteTime _ExpireTime  =   new  AbsoluteTime(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds( 30 )); // 指定30秒后过期

                cacheManager.Add(KEYNAME, _cacheData, CacheItemPriority.Normal,  null , _ExpireTime);
            }

             return  _cacheData;
        }



    }
}

前端页面很简单

<% @ Page Language = " C# "  AutoEventWireup = " true "  CodeBehind = " Default.aspx.cs "  Inherits = " CacheTest._Default "   %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html  xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head  runat ="server" >
     < title ></ title >
</ head >
< body >
     < form  id ="form1"  runat ="server" >
     < asp:Button  ID ="btnWrite"  runat ="server"  Text ="Write Cache"  OnClick ="btnWrite_Click"   />
     < asp:Button  ID ="btnRead"  runat ="server"  Text ="Load Cache"  
        onclick ="btnRead_Click"   />
     < asp:Repeater  ID ="R1"  runat ="server"  EnableViewState ="false" >
         < HeaderTemplate >
             < ul >
         </ HeaderTemplate >
         < ItemTemplate >
             < li > Age： <% #  Eval ( " Age " )  %> ，Name： <% #  Eval ( " Name " ) %> ，Color： <% #  Eval ( " Color " ) %> </ li >
         </ ItemTemplate >
         < FooterTemplate >
             </ ul >
         </ FooterTemplate >
     </ asp:Repeater >
     </ form >
</ body >
</ html >

值得一提的是，缓存是"全局"性质的，也就是说在一个页面写入了缓存，另一个页面也可以读取（当然:前提是缓存未过期的情况下），我们可以利用这个特性把网站中经常使用的数据(比如一些基础数据)缓存起来，其它要用的地方直接从缓存读取，能有效减少对数据库的访问。