1)避免使用ArrayList,因为对象要转化为System.Object加入ArrayList,取出时又要转化为想要的类型,设计到大量的装箱拆箱过程,推荐使用自定义集合取代ArrayList,.net还在System.Collection.Specialized命名空间下为string提供了一个强类型的集合类StringCollection
2)用Hashtable 取代其他字典类型,如:StringDictionary, NameValueCollection, HybridCollection。
3)经常为字符串声明常量来封装他们
//
避免
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.Status = " ACTIVE " ;
// 推荐
const string C_STATUS = " ACTIVE " ;
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.Status = C_STATUS;
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.Status = " ACTIVE " ;
// 推荐
const string C_STATUS = " ACTIVE " ;
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.Status = C_STATUS;
4)使用String.Compare取代将两个字符串转化为uppercase或lowercase再来比较他们
const
string
C_VALUE
=
"
COMPARE
"
;
if (String.Compare(sVariable, C_VALUE, true ) == 0 )
{
Console.Write("SAME");
}
if (String.Compare(sVariable, C_VALUE, true ) == 0 )
{
Console.Write("SAME");
}
5)避免使用+操作符来连接字符串,而使用StringBuilder来连接
//
避免
String sXML = " <parent> " ;
sXML += " <child> " ;
sXML += " Data " ;
sXML += " </child> " ;
sXML += " </parent> " ; // 推荐
StringBuilder sbXML = new StringBuilder();
sbXML.Append( " <parent> " );
sbXML.Append( " <child> " );
sbXML.Append( " Data " );
sbXML.Append( " </child> " );
sbXML.Append( " </parent> " );
String sXML = " <parent> " ;
sXML += " <child> " ;
sXML += " Data " ;
sXML += " </child> " ;
sXML += " </parent> " ; // 推荐
StringBuilder sbXML = new StringBuilder();
sbXML.Append( " <parent> " );
sbXML.Append( " <child> " );
sbXML.Append( " Data " );
sbXML.Append( " </child> " );
sbXML.Append( " </parent> " );
6)对于只读xml文档,用XPathDocument取代XMLDocument
//
避免
XmlDocument xmld = new XmlDocument();
xmld.LoadXml(sXML);
txtName.Text = xmld.SelectSingleNode( " /packet/child " ).InnerText;
// 推荐
XPathDocument xmldContext = new XPathDocument( new StringReader(oContext.Value));
XPathNavigator xnav = xmldContext.CreateNavigator();
XPathNodeIterator xpNodeIter = xnav.Select( " packet/child " );
iCount = xpNodeIter.Count;
xpNodeIter = xnav.SelectDescendants(XPathNodeType.Element, false );
while (xpNodeIter.MoveNext())
{
sCurrValues += xpNodeIter.Current.Value+"~";
}
XmlDocument xmld = new XmlDocument();
xmld.LoadXml(sXML);
txtName.Text = xmld.SelectSingleNode( " /packet/child " ).InnerText;
// 推荐
XPathDocument xmldContext = new XPathDocument( new StringReader(oContext.Value));
XPathNavigator xnav = xmldContext.CreateNavigator();
XPathNodeIterator xpNodeIter = xnav.Select( " packet/child " );
iCount = xpNodeIter.Count;
xpNodeIter = xnav.SelectDescendants(XPathNodeType.Element, false );
while (xpNodeIter.MoveNext())
{
sCurrValues += xpNodeIter.Current.Value+"~";
}
7)避免在循环体类声明并初始化对象,而应该在循环体外声明,在循环体类初始化!
//
避免
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
SomeClass objSC = new SomeClass();
}
// 推荐
SomeClass objSC = null ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
objSC = new SomeClass();
}
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
SomeClass objSC = new SomeClass();
}
// 推荐
SomeClass objSC = null ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
objSC = new SomeClass();
}
下面是专门针对Web程序性能的设计方针
1) Viewstate 会动态增加页面体积,所以要小心的使用控件的Viewstate 属性。
2) 尽可能使用ajax。
3) 使用server.tranfer取代response.redirect。
4) 尽可能使用repeater和datalist取代datagrid。
5) 尽量避免Throw来控制程序流程,因为Throw会消耗大量资源。
6) 避免过度使用异常处理程序块,只在你无法控制的地方做异常处理。
7) 大量dataset很昂贵,尽量一次取得最多的数据,然后销毁dataset
8) 使用缓存
9) 使用合适的认证机制
10)使用Finally方法释放资源
11)网站发布后将Debug和trace设为false。