请大家在阅读本篇内容时先阅读 Java加密技术(四),预先了解RSA加密算法。
在构建Java代码实现前,我们需要完成证书的制作。
1.生成keyStroe文件
在命令行下执行以下命令:
keytool -genkey -validity 36000 -alias www.zlex.org -keyalg RSA -keystore d:\zlex.keystore
其中
-genkey表示生成密钥
-validity指定证书有效期,这里是
36000天
-alias指定别名,这里是
www.zlex.org
-keyalg指定算法,这里是
RSA
-keystore指定存储位置,这里是
d:\zlex.keystore
在这里我使用的密码为
123456
控制台输出:
输入keystore密码:
再次输入新密码:
您的名字与姓氏是什么?
[Unknown]: www.zlex.org
您的组织单位名称是什么?
[Unknown]: zlex
您的组织名称是什么?
[Unknown]: zlex
您所在的城市或区域名称是什么?
[Unknown]: BJ
您所在的州或省份名称是什么?
[Unknown]: BJ
该单位的两字母国家代码是什么
[Unknown]: CN
CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN 正确吗?
[否]: Y
输入的主密码
(如果和 keystore 密码相同,按回车):
再次输入新密码:
这时,在D盘下会生成一个zlex.keystore的文件。
2.生成自签名证书
光有keyStore文件是不够的,还需要证书文件,证书才是直接提供给外界使用的公钥凭证。
导出证书:
keytool -export -keystore d:\zlex.keystore -alias www.zlex.org -file d:\zlex.cer -rfc
其中
-export指定为导出操作
-keystore指定
keystore文件
-alias指定导出
keystore文件中的别名
-file指向
导出路径
-rfc以文本格式输出,也就是以
BASE64编码输出
这里的密码是
123456
控制台输出:
输入keystore密码:
保存在文件中的认证
当然,使用方是需要导入证书的!
可以通过自签名证书完成CAS单点登录系统的构建!
Ok,准备工作完成,开始Java实现!
通过java代码实现如下:
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
/**
* 证书组件
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public abstract class CertificateCoder extends Coder {
/**
* Java密钥库(Java Key Store,JKS)KEY_STORE
*/
public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS";
public static final String X509 = "X.509";
/**
* 由KeyStore获得私钥
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias,
String password) throws Exception {
KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray());
return key;
}
/**
* 由Certificate获得公钥
*
* @param certificatePath
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath)
throws Exception {
Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey();
return key;
}
/**
* 获得Certificate
*
* @param certificatePath
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath)
throws Exception {
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory
.getInstance(X509);
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath);
Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in);
in.close();
return certificate;
}
/**
* 获得Certificate
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath,
String alias, String password) throws Exception {
KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias);
return certificate;
}
/**
* 获得KeyStore
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param password
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE);
ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());
is.close();
return ks;
}
/**
* 私钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
String alias, String password) throws Exception {
// 取得私钥
PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 私钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
String alias, String password) throws Exception {
// 取得私钥
PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 公钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param certificatePath
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
throws Exception {
// 取得公钥
PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 公钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param certificatePath
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
throws Exception {
// 取得公钥
PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 验证Certificate
*
* @param certificatePath
* @return
*/
public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) {
return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath);
}
/**
* 验证Certificate是否过期或无效
*
* @param date
* @param certificatePath
* @return
*/
public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) {
boolean status = true;
try {
// 取得证书
Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
// 验证证书是否过期或无效
status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
} catch (Exception e) {
status = false;
}
return status;
}
/**
* 验证证书是否过期或无效
*
* @param date
* @param certificate
* @return
*/
private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) {
boolean status = true;
try {
X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate;
x509Certificate.checkValidity(date);
} catch (Exception e) {
status = false;
}
return status;
}
/**
* 签名
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias,
String password) throws Exception {
// 获得证书
X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(
keyStorePath, alias, password);
// 获取私钥
KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
// 取得私钥
PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password
.toCharArray());
// 构建签名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
.getSigAlgName());
signature.initSign(privateKey);
signature.update(sign);
return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
}
/**
* 验证签名
*
* @param data
* @param sign
* @param certificatePath
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String sign,
String certificatePath) throws Exception {
// 获得证书
X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath);
// 获得公钥
PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey();
// 构建签名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
.getSigAlgName());
signature.initVerify(publicKey);
signature.update(data);
return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
}
/**
* 验证Certificate
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
*/
public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath,
String alias, String password) {
boolean status = true;
try {
Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath, alias,
password);
status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
} catch (Exception e) {
status = false;
}
return status;
}
/**
* 验证Certificate
*
* @param keyStorePath
* @param alias
* @param password
* @return
*/
public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias,
String password) {
return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, alias, password);
}
}
再给出一个测试类:
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public class CertificateCoderTest {
private String password = "123456";
private String alias = "www.zlex.org";
private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer";
private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore";
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
String inputStr = "Ceritifcate";
byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data,
certificatePath);
byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt,
keyStorePath, alias, password);
String outputStr = new String(decrypt);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
// 验证数据一致
assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt);
// 验证证书有效
assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath));
}
@Test
public void testSign() throws Exception {
System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
String inputStr = "sign";
byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data,
keyStorePath, alias, password);
byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData,
certificatePath);
String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
// 产生签名
String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias,
password);
System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);
// 验证签名
boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign,
certificatePath);
System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);
assertTrue(status);
}
}
控制台输出:
公钥加密——私钥解密
加密前: Ceritificate
解密后: Ceritificate
私钥加密——公钥解密
加密前: sign
解密后: sign
私钥签名——公钥验证签名
签名:
pqBn5m6PJlfOjH0A6U2o2mUmBsfgyEY1NWCbiyA/I5Gc3gaVNVIdj/zkGNZRqTjhf3+J9a9z9EI7
6F2eWYd7punHx5oh6hfNgcKbVb52EfItl4QEN+djbXiPynn07+Lbg1NOjULnpEd6ZhLP1YwrEAuM
OfvX0e7/wplxLbySaKQ=
状态:
true
由此完成了证书验证体系!
同样,我们可以对代码做签名——代码签名!
通过工具JarSigner可以完成代码签名。
这里我们对tools.jar做代码签名,命令如下:
jarsigner -storetype jks -keystore zlex.keystore -verbose tools.jar www.zlex.org
控制台输出:
输入密钥库的口令短语:
正在更新: META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.SF
正在更新: META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.RSA
正在签名: org/zlex/security/Security.class
正在签名: org/zlex/tool/Main$1.class
正在签名: org/zlex/tool/Main$2.class
正在签名: org/zlex/tool/Main.class
警告:
签名者证书将在六个月内过期。
此时,我们可以对签名后的jar做验证!
验证tools.jar,命令如下:
jarsigner -verify -verbose -certs tools.jar
控制台输出:
402 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
532 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.SF
889 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.RSA
sm 590 Wed Dec 10 13:03:42 CST 2008 org/zlex/security/Security.class
X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
[证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]
sm 705 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main$1.class
X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
[证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]
sm 779 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main$2.class
X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
[证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]
sm 12672 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main.class
X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
[证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]
s = 已验证签名
m = 在清单中列出条目
k = 在密钥库中至少找到了一个证书
i = 在身份作用域内至少找到了一个证书
jar 已验证。
警告:
此 jar 包含签名者证书将在六个月内过期的条目。
代码签名认证的用途主要是对发布的软件做验证,支持 Sun Java .jar (Java Applet) 文件(J2SE)和 J2ME MIDlet Suite 文件。