IP转发和本地传递

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转发步骤：

1. 处理IP选项。这可能会涉及记录本地IP地址以及时间戳(如果IP报头中的选项需要这两项信息)
2. 确定封包可以被转发(根据IP报头字段)
3. 递减IP报头的TTL字段，然后，如果TTL字段变为零，就丢弃该封包
4. 根据路径相关MTU，必要时处理分段工作
5. 把封包传送至外出设备

如果封包因为某种原因而无法转发，源主机就必须受到ICMP消息，来说明碰到的问题。即使封包会被转发，但是封包绕送时使用的是次佳路径，因而触发了重导向事件时，ICMP消息也会送出，来作为通知。

ip_forward函数：

   1:  int ip_forward(struct sk_buff *skb)

   2:  {

   3:      struct iphdr *iph;    /* Our header */

   4:      struct rtable *rt;    /* Route we use */

   5:      struct ip_options * opt    = &(IPCB(skb)->opt);

   6:   

   7:      if (skb_warn_if_lro(skb))

   8:          goto drop;

   9:   

  10:      if (!xfrm4_policy_check(NULL, XFRM_POLICY_FWD, skb))

  11:          goto drop;

  12:   

  13:      if (IPCB(skb)->opt.router_alert && ip_call_ra_chain(skb))

  14:          return NET_RX_SUCCESS;

  15:   

  16:      if (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)

  17:          goto drop;

  18:   

  19:      skb_forward_csum(skb);

  20:   

  21:      /*

  22:       *    According to the RFC, we must first decrease the TTL field. If

  23:       *    that reaches zero, we must reply an ICMP control message telling

  24:       *    that the packet's lifetime expired.

  25:       */

  26:      if (ip_hdr(skb)->ttl <= 1)

  27:          goto too_many_hops;

  28:   

  29:      if (!xfrm4_route_forward(skb))

  30:          goto drop;

  31:   

  32:      rt = skb_rtable(skb);

  33:   

  34:      if (opt->is_strictroute && opt->nexthop != rt->rt_gateway)

  35:          goto sr_failed;

  36:   

  37:      if (unlikely(skb->len > dst_mtu(&rt->dst) && !skb_is_gso(skb) &&

  38:               (ip_hdr(skb)->frag_off & htons(IP_DF))) && !skb->local_df) {

  39:          IP_INC_STATS(dev_net(rt->dst.dev), IPSTATS_MIB_FRAGFAILS);

  40:          icmp_send(skb, ICMP_DEST_UNREACH, ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED,

  41:                htonl(dst_mtu(&rt->dst)));

  42:          goto drop;

  43:      }

  44:   

  45:      /* We are about to mangle packet. Copy it! */

  46:      if (skb_cow(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(rt->dst.dev)+rt->dst.header_len))

  47:          goto drop;

  48:      iph = ip_hdr(skb);

  49:   

  50:      /* Decrease ttl after skb cow done */

  51:      ip_decrease_ttl(iph);

  52:   

  53:      /*

  54:       *    We now generate an ICMP HOST REDIRECT giving the route

  55:       *    we calculated.

  56:       */

  57:      if (rt->rt_flags&RTCF_DOREDIRECT && !opt->srr && !skb_sec_path(skb))

  58:          ip_rt_send_redirect(skb);

  59:   

  60:      skb->priority = rt_tos2priority(iph->tos);

  61:   

  62:      return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_FORWARD, skb, skb->dev,

  63:                 rt->dst.dev, ip_forward_finish);

  64:   

  65:  sr_failed:

  66:      /*

  67:       *    Strict routing permits no gatewaying

  68:       */

  69:       icmp_send(skb, ICMP_DEST_UNREACH, ICMP_SR_FAILED, 0);

  70:       goto drop;

  71:   

  72:  too_many_hops:

  73:      /* Tell the sender its packet died... */

  74:      IP_INC_STATS_BH(dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev), IPSTATS_MIB_INHDRERRORS);

  75:      icmp_send(skb, ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED, ICMP_EXC_TTL, 0);

  76:  drop:

  77:      kfree_skb(skb);

  78:      return NET_RX_DROP;

  79:  }

ip_forward_finish函数：

   1:  static int ip_forward_finish(struct sk_buff *skb)

   2:  {

   3:      struct ip_options * opt    = &(IPCB(skb)->opt);

   4:   

   5:      IP_INC_STATS_BH(dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev), IPSTATS_MIB_OUTFORWDATAGRAMS);

   6:   

   7:      if (unlikely(opt->optlen))

   8:          ip_forward_options(skb);

   9:   

  10:      return dst_output(skb);

  11:  }

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/longscu/blog/59815