一、LVM概述
1、lvm简介
LVM：Logical Volume Manager 是内核提供的一种逻辑卷管理器，允许用户动态调整文件系统的大小。
传统分区使用固定大小分区，重新调整大小十分麻烦。但是，LVM可以创建和管理“逻辑”卷，而不是直接使用物理硬盘。可以让管理员弹性的管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小，操作简单，而不损坏已存储的数据。可以随意将新的硬盘添加到LVM，以直接扩展已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM并不需要重启就可以让内核知道分区的存在。
LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示：
图中顶部，首先是实际的物理磁盘及其划分的分区和其上的物理卷（PV）。一个或多个物理卷可以用来创建卷组（VG）。然后基于卷组可以创建逻辑卷（LV）。只要在卷组中有可用空间，就可以随心所欲的创建逻辑卷。文件系统就是在逻辑卷上创建的，然后可以在操作系统挂载和访问。
dm：device mapper，将一个或多个底层块设备组织成一个逻辑设备的模块
设备文件：/dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名，/dev/mapper/卷组名-逻辑卷名
二、实例
演示怎么在linux中创建和管理LVM卷，分为两个部分：使用2个分区（lvm和软raid一样可以组合任何块设备，实际使用中我们肯定是直接使用整个硬盘，我们为了方便使用分区来演示）创建多个逻辑卷，并挂载使用；然后对使用中的卷进行动态调整大小。
1、准备磁盘分区
使用fdisk创建1个4G和1个6G大小的分区（不要求大小一样大），并将分区类型调整为8e类型来使他们用于LVM。
[root@Node3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00037190
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2418 18902016 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2418 2673 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (2673-5221, default 2673):
Using default value 2673
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2673-5221, default 5221):
Using default value 5221
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (2673-5221, default 2673):
Using default value 2673
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2673-5221, default 5221): +4G
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (3196-5221, default 3196):
Using default value 3196
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (3196-5221, default 5221): +6G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00037190
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2418 18902016 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2418 2673 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 2673 5221 20474642+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2673 3195 4200766 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 3196 3979 6297448+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@Node3 ~]# ls /dev/sda*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3
[root@Node3 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 41943040 sda
8 1 512000 sda1
8 2 18902016 sda2
8 3 2048000 sda3
8 32 4194304000 sdc
8 33 2929687483 sdc1
8 34 976562176 sdc2
8 16 20971520 sdb
[root@Node3 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[root@Node3 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
[root@Node3 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 41943040 sda
8 1 512000 sda1
8 2 18902016 sda2
8 3 2048000 sda3
8 4 31 sda4
8 5 4200766 sda5
8 6 6297448 sda6
8 32 4194304000 sdc
8 33 2929687483 sdc1
8 34 976562176 sdc2
8 16 20971520 sdb
[root@Node3 ~]# ls /dev/sda*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
注意：这里刚才忘记了调整分区的类型
[root@Node3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00037190 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2418 18902016 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2418 2673 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2673 5221 20474642+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2673 3195 4200766 83 Linux /dev/sda6 3196 3979 6297448+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-6): 5 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-6): 6 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00037190 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2418 18902016 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2418 2673 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2673 5221 20474642+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2673 3195 4200766 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda6 3196 3979 6297448+ 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w
2、创建物理卷
物理卷管理命令：pv
创建：pvcreate
pvcreate 分区
删除：pvremove #删除pv
扫描：pvscan
查看：pvs（简要信息），pvdisplay（详细）
pvmove 物理卷名 # 移除将本pv上，系统会自动把数据转移移到别的pv上（需要pv有足够的空间）
[root@Node3 ~]# pv pvchange pvcreate pvmove pvresize pvscan pvck pvdisplay pvremove pvs pv.sh [root@Node3 ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found [root@Node3 ~]# pvdisplay [root@Node3 ~]# pvs [root@Node3 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6 Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created [root@Node3 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda5 lvm2 ---- 4.01g 4.01g /dev/sda6 lvm2 ---- 6.01g 6.01g [root@Node3 ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda5 lvm2 [4.01 GiB] PV /dev/sda6 lvm2 [6.01 GiB] Total: 2 [10.01 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 2 [10.01 GiB] [root@Node3 ~]# pvdisplay "/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "4.01 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name PV Size 4.01 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID kefm9m-5vlK-dgSx-zdO1-Z0Os-LWuc-4CP3Je "/dev/sda6" is a new physical volume of "6.01 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda6 VG Name PV Size 6.01 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID a4g3AO-UX7X-Y2AH-jhox-41rr-mOAq-iyLSXP
3、创建卷组
卷组管理命令：vg
vgcreate，vgscan，vgs，vgdisplay，
vgextend #扩展
vgreduce #减少
vgremove #删除的是卷组
vgrename
vgcreate [-s] VGNAME 物理卷...
-s 指定PE的大小，默认为4M
vgextend VGNAME 物理卷名
[root@Node3 ~]# vg vgcfgbackup vgconvert vgextend vgmknodes vgs vgcfgrestore vgcreate vgimport vgreduce vgscan vgchange vgdisplay vgimportclone vgremove vgsplit vgck vgexport vgmerge vgrename [root@Node3 ~]# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... [root@Node3 ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6 Volume group "myvg" successfully created [root@Node3 ~]# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "myvg" using metadata type lvm2 [root@Node3 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 10.01g 10.01g [root@Node3 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name myvg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 10.01 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 2562 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2562 / 10.01 GiB VG UUID 0Yha5i-4CRD-qvQu-N6AU-WweN-9gc6-M89yx5
此时添加扩大卷组的容量：
[root@Node3 ~]# vgextend /dev/sda7 #一定要先将分区指定为物理卷，才能添加进卷组 Please enter a physical volume path. Run `vgextend --help' for more information. [root@Node3 ~]# [root@Node3 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda7 Physical volume "/dev/sda7" successfully created [root@Node3 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda5 myvg lvm2 a--u 4.00g 4.00g /dev/sda6 myvg lvm2 a--u 6.00g 6.00g /dev/sda7 lvm2 ---- 9.51g 9.51g [root@Node3 ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sda7 Volume group "myvg" successfully extended [root@Node3 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda5 myvg lvm2 a--u 4.00g 4.00g /dev/sda6 myvg lvm2 a--u 6.00g 6.00g /dev/sda7 myvg lvm2 a--u 9.51g 9.51g [root@Node3 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 3 0 0 wz--n- 19.52g 19.52g [root@Node3 ~]# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "myvg" using metadata type lvm2 [root@Node3 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name myvg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 19.52 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4997 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 4997 / 19.52 GiB VG UUID 0Yha5i-4CRD-qvQu-N6AU-WweN-9gc6-M89yx5
缩减vg：移除/dev/sda5
1）先转移Pv上的数据
2）将pv移出vg
3）移出pv
[root@Node3 ~]# pvmove /dev/sda5 #一定要将要移除pv上的数据先转移，如果此pv上的数据较多，这步所需时间可能较长 No data to move for myvg [root@Node3 ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sda5 #从vg中移除 Removed "/dev/sda5" from volume group "myvg" [root@Node3 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda5 lvm2 ---- 4.01g 4.01g /dev/sda6 myvg lvm2 a--u 6.00g 6.00g /dev/sda7 myvg lvm2 a--u 9.51g 9.51g [root@Node3 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 15.52g 15.52g [root@Node3 ~]# pvremove /dev/sda5 #从pv中移除 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully wiped [root@Node3 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda6 myvg lvm2 a--u 6.00g 6.00g /dev/sda7 myvg lvm2 a--u 9.51g 9.51g
4、创建逻辑卷
逻辑卷管理命令：lv
lvcreate，lvscan，lvs，lvdisplay
lvextend，lvreduce，lvremove
lvcreate [OPTIONS] VGNAME
-L 指定lv的大小
-n 指定lv的名字
例如：lvcreate -L SIZE -n NAME VGNAME
lvextend -L [+]SIZE LVNAME
+：+号表示增加多少，不加+号表示增加到多少
lvreduce -L [-]SIZE /PATH/TO/LV_DEVICE
[root@Node3 ~]# lv lvchange lvextend lvmconfig lvmsadc lvrename lvconvert lvm lvmdiskscan lvmsar lvresize lvcreate lvmchange lvmdump lvreduce lvs lvdisplay lvmconf lvmetad lvremove lvscan [root@Node3 ~]# lvscan [root@Node3 ~]# lvcreate -L 3G -n lv_SYSTEM myvg Logical volume "lv_SYSTEM" created. [root@Node3 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv_SYSTEM myvg -wi-a----- 3.00g [root@Node3 ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM' [3.00 GiB] inherit [root@Node3 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM LV Name lv_SYSTEM VG Name myvg LV UUID I1mEZE-eJRD-HvBN-zHFt-kdhr-RUjp-c2zIZ1 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time Node3, 2016-12-09 11:26:46 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 3.00 GiB Current LE 768 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@Node3 ~]# lvdisplay lv_system Volume group "lv_system" not found Cannot process volume group lv_system
lv创建好了之后就可以当作普通分区来格式化使用了：
[root@Node3 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #使用lv的名字 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 196608 inodes, 786432 blocks 39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368 24 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@Node3 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM /mnt
lv的访问名称有多个：
[root@Node3 ~]# ls -l /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #方便我们使用的名称 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 12月 9 11:31 /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM -> ../dm-0 [root@Node3 ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper/ control myvg-lv_SYSTEM [root@Node3 ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM #系统使用的名称 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 12月 9 11:31 /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM -> ../dm-0 [root@Node3 ~]# ls /dev/dm dm-0 dmmidi [root@Node3 ~]# ls /dev/dm-0 #真正的设备文件 /dev/dm-0
扩展lv的容量：
1）先扩展物理边界（lv）
要先确保vg内有足够的空余空间
2）再扩展逻辑边界（文件系统） #能先离线（umount）再扩展文件系统边界最好
[root@Node3 ~]# vgs #有足够的空余空间 VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 1 0 wz--n- 15.52g 12.52g [root@Node3 ~]# lvextend -L 5G lv_SYSTEM Path required for Logical Volume "lv_SYSTEM". Please provide a volume group name Run `lvextend --help' for more information. [root@Node3 ~]# lvextend -L 5G /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #增加到5G Size of logical volume myvg/lv_SYSTEM changed from 3.00 GiB (768 extents) to 5.00 GiB (1280 extents). Logical volume lv_SYSTEM successfully resized. [root@Node3 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 1 0 wz--n- 15.52g 10.52g [root@Node3 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv_SYSTEM myvg -wi-ao---- 5.00g [root@Node3 ~]# df -TH #/mnt分区还没增大，还需要调整逻辑边界 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 5.1G 14G 28% / tmpfs tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 508M 34M 448M 7% /boot /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM ext4 3.2G 72M 3.0G 3% /mnt [root@Node3 ~]# resize2fs /dev/sda1 #扩展一个没有多余物理空间分区的逻辑边界 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 512000 blocks long. Nothing to do! [root@Node3 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #后面不指定大小，默认扩展到物理边界一样大 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM is mounted on /mnt; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM to 1310720 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM is now 1310720 blocks long. [root@Node3 ~]# df -TH Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 5.1G 14G 28% / tmpfs tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 508M 34M 448M 7% /boot /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM ext4 5.3G 74M 5.0G 2% /mnt [root@Node3 ~]# ls /mnt #不影响里面的数据 fstab inittab lost+found
缩减lv容量的步骤：缩减比扩展更危险
1）卸载lv卷，并执行强制检测
#e2fsck -f /PATH/TO/LV_DEVICE
2）缩减逻辑边界
#resize2fs /PATH/TO/LV_DEVICE SIZE
3）缩减物理边界
#lvreduce -L [-] SIZE /PATH/TO/LV_DEVICE
[root@Node3 ~]# umount /mnt #卸载 [root@Node3 ~]# ls /mnt [root@Node3 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #检查 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小 第二步: 检查目录结构 第3步: 检查目录连接性 Pass 4: Checking reference counts 第5步: 检查簇概要信息 /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM: 13/327680 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 38496/1310720 blocks [root@Node3 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM 2G #缩减逻辑边界 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM to 524288 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM is now 524288 blocks long. [root@Node3 ~]# lvreduce -L 2G /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM #缩减物理边界 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce myvg/lv_SYSTEM? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume myvg/lv_SYSTEM changed from 5.00 GiB (1280 extents) to 2.00 GiB (512 extents). Logical volume lv_SYSTEM successfully resized. [root@Node3 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM /mnt #重新挂载 [root@Node3 ~]# ls /mnt #查看原文件 fstab inittab lost+found [root@Node3 ~]# df -TH #查看分区大小 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 5.1G 14G 28% / tmpfs tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 508M 34M 448M 7% /boot /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM ext4 2.2G 72M 2.0G 4% /mnt [root@Node3 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 1 0 wz--n- 15.52g 13.52g
5、快照
inconsistent：非一致性，数据前后时间戳不一样，无法使用，
复制正在使用的数据，可能会造成数据不一致，
快照卷：为要复制的卷先建立快照卷，保持数据暂停那创建的那一刻，（创建快照后，原卷原数据发生改变前，快照卷会复制原卷的数据到快照卷）
快照卷也是逻辑卷的一种，通常为只读，
快照卷是原卷的另一个访问路径，
快照卷大小决定于创建快照卷到复制完数据之间原数据的改变量
复制完原卷数据删除掉快照卷
创建快照卷的命令：
lvcreate -s -L SIZE -n NAME -p r /path/to/original_lv_device
-s 创建快照卷
-p 指定访问权限
[root@Node3 ~]# lvcreate -s -L 50M -n lv_SYSYTEM_snap -p r /dev/myvg/lv_SYSTEM Rounding up size to full physical extent 52.00 MiB Logical volume "lv_SYSYTEM_snap" created. [root@Node3 mnt]# df -TH #显示的大小和原卷一样大，实际上只有52M， Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 5.1G 14G 28% / tmpfs tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 508M 34M 448M 7% /boot /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSTEM ext4 2.2G 72M 2.0G 4% /mnt /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSYTEM_snap ext4 2.2G 72M 2.0G 4% /media [root@Node3 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/lv_SYS lv_SYSTEM lv_SYSYTEM_snap [root@Node3 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/lv_SYS lv_SYSTEM lv_SYSYTEM_snap [root@Node3 ~]# ls /media/ [root@Node3 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/lv_SYSYTEM_snap /media/ mount: block device /dev/mapper/myvg-lv_SYSYTEM_snap is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@Node3 ~]# ls /media/ #通过快照卷查看原卷的数据 fstab inittab lost+found
此时修改原数据，看快照卷的数据会不会发生改变：
[root@Node3 ~]# cd /mnt [root@Node3 mnt]# ls fstab inittab lost+found [root@Node3 mnt]# mv fstab fstab.bak [root@Node3 mnt]# [root@Node3 mnt]# ls fstab.bak inittab lost+found [root@Node3 mnt]# ls /media/ #可以看到快照卷的数据如我们预期没有发生改变 fstab inittab lost+found
复制数据，然后删除快照卷：
[root@Node3 ~]# tar zcf media-`date +"%F-%H%M%S"`.tar.gz /media tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/” [root@Node3 ~]# ls -ld /media drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 12月 9 11:32 /media [root@Node3 ~]# ls -l media-2016-12-09-145411.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1008 12月 9 14:54 media-2016-12-09-145411.tar.gz [root@Node3 ~]# umount /media [root@Node3 ~]# lvremove /dev/myvg/lv_SYSYTEM_snap Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_SYSYTEM_snap? [y/n]: Y Logical volume "lv_SYSYTEM_snap" successfully removed [root@Node3 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv_SYSTEM myvg -wi-ao---- 2.00g
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/xiexiaojun/1881003
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