sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer
For Linux, the latest version of Adobe Flash Player is 11.2 which you already have. Sorry, but it cannot be updated to 11.8. Adobe provides security backports to Flash Player 11.2 for Linux.
To install the Flash plug-in on Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail), please follow this process:
Enable the multiverse repository, as shown here: How do I enable the "multiverse" repository?
Open a terminal window (press Ctrl+Alt+T) and copy/paste this line:
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer
When the Flash Player is installed, close the terminal window and restart your browser.
As far as I can see, in 10.04, the main differences between aptitude and apt-get are:
aptitude adds explicit per-package flags, indicating whether a package was automatically installed to satisfy a dependency: you can manipulate those flags (aptitude markauto or aptitude unmarkauto) to change the way aptitude treats the package.
apt-get keeps track of the same information, but will not show it explicitly. apt-mark can be used for manipulating the flags.
aptitude will offer to remove unused packages each time you remove an installed package, whereas apt-get will only do that if explicitly asked to with apt-get autoremove or specify --auto-remove.
aptitude acts as a single command-line front-end to most of the functionalities in both apt-get and apt-cache. Note: As of 16.04, there is an apt command that includes the most commonly used commands from apt-get and apt-cache and a few extra features.
In contrast to apt-cache's "search", aptitude's "search" output also shows the installed/removed/purged status of a package (plus aptitude's own status flags). Also, the "install" output marks which packages are being installed to satisfy a dependency, and which are being removed because unused.
aptitude has a (text-only) interactive UI.
I personally use only aptitude for my command-line package management (and I never use the text UI); I find its output more readable than apt-get/apt-cache.
However, if aptitude will be no longer standard on Ubuntu, there's no other choice than use apt-get in instructions and how-to documents.
(Personally, I'm rather disappointed to see it go away in 10.10; especially since the improvements of aptitude over apt-get are mostly on the usability side. I guess they deemed that those conversant with the command-line know how to get aptitude back, and those who don't use the command-line will not care...)