java string 数据结构_数据结构---Java---String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer

1、概述

1.1　　String：不可变字符串

String的存储位置：

String s1="a";

String s2="a";

String s3=new String("a");

System.out.println(s1==s2);//true

System.out.println(s1==s3);//false

String  s="a";

一个对象，常量池“a”

这种方式创建字符串 ，首先去 方法区的常量池 找是否有 "a"对象，如果有，直接返回；没有在常量池创建一个"a"对象；

String s3=new String("a");

创建2个对象，一个在常量池“a”、一个在堆s3指向的字符串对象；

首先去常量池找是否有"a"字符串，如果没有，常量池创建"a"对象，堆创建 s3指向的对象；

1.2、StringBuffer：可改变的字符串，线程安全

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

char[] value;

AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {

value = new char[capacity];

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

if (sb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = sb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {

boolean hasSurrogates = false;

int n = count - 1;

for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {

int k = n - j;

char cj = value[j];

char ck = value[k];

value[j] = ck;

value[k] = cj;

if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||

Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {

hasSurrogates = true;

}

}

if (hasSurrogates) {

reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();

}

return this;

}

}

public final class StringBuffer

extends AbstractStringBuilder

implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

{

public StringBuffer() {

super(16);

}

@Override

public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {

toStringCache = null;

super.append(str);

return this;

}

public synchronized StringBuffer append(StringBuffer sb) {

toStringCache = null;

super.append(sb);

return this;

}

@Override

public synchronized StringBuffer reverse() {

toStringCache = null;

super.reverse();

return this;

}

}

1.3、 StringBuilder：可改变的字符串，线程不安全

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

char[] value;

AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {

value = new char[capacity];

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

if (sb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = sb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {

boolean hasSurrogates = false;

int n = count - 1;

for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {

int k = n - j;

char cj = value[j];

char ck = value[k];

value[j] = ck;

value[k] = cj;

if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||

Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {

hasSurrogates = true;

}

}

if (hasSurrogates) {

reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();

}

return this;

}

}

public final class StringBuilder

extends AbstractStringBuilder

implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

{

public StringBuilder() {

super(16);

}

public StringBuilder(int capacity) {

super(capacity);

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(String str) {

super.append(str);

return this;

}

public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

super.append(sb);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder reverse() {

super.reverse();

return this;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

// Create a copy, don't share the array

return new String(value, 0, count);

}

}

2、字符串操作

2.1、返回指定位置的字符

String

public char charAt(int index) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

}

return value[index];

}

StringBuilder

无

StringBuffer

@Override

public synchronized char charAt(int index) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

return value[index];

}

2.2、返回指定字符 的位置

1、String

public int indexOf(int ch) {

return indexOf(ch, 0);

}

public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {

final int max = value.length;

if (fromIndex < 0) {

fromIndex = 0;

} else if (fromIndex >= max) {

// Note: fromIndex might be near -1>>>1.

return -1;

}

if (ch < Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {

// handle most cases here (ch is a BMP code point or a

// negative value (invalid code point))

final char[] value = this.value;

for (int i = fromIndex; i < max; i++) {

if (value[i] == ch) {

return i;

}

}

return -1;

} else {

return indexOfSupplementary(ch, fromIndex);

}

}

2、StringBuilder

@Override

public int indexOf(String str) {

return super.indexOf(str);

}

使用父类AbstractStringBuilder

public int indexOf(String str) {

return indexOf(str, 0);

}

public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

return String.indexOf(value, 0, count, str, fromIndex);

}

使用String

static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,

String target, int fromIndex) {

return indexOf(source, sourceOffset, sourceCount,

target.value, 0, target.value.length,

fromIndex);

}

3、StringBuffer

@Override

public int indexOf(String str) {

// Note, synchronization achieved via invocations of other StringBuffer methods

return super.indexOf(str);

}

同 StringBuilder

2.3、字符串截取

1、String

public String substring(int beginIndex) {

if (beginIndex < 0) {

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);

}

int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;

if (subLen < 0) {

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);

}

return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);

}

2、StringBuilder

无

3、StringBuffer

@Override

public synchronized String substring(int start) {

return substring(start, count);

}

@Override

public synchronized String substring(int start, int end) {

return super.substring(start, end);

}

使用父类 AbstractStringBuilder

public String substring(int start, int end) {

if (start < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);

if (end > count)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end);

if (start > end)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end - start);

return new String(value, start, end - start);

}

2.4、字符串拼接

1、String

public String concat(String str) {

int otherLen = str.length();

if (otherLen == 0) {

return this;

}

int len = value.length;

char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);

str.getChars(buf, len);

return new String(buf, true);

}

2、StringBuilder

@Override

public StringBuilder append(String str) {

super.append(str);

return this;

}

父类AbstractStringBuilder

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

3、StringBuffer

@Override

public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {

toStringCache = null;

super.append(str);

return this;

}

父类AbstractStringBuilder

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

2.5、按指定 规则  切割

1、String

public String[] split(String regex) {

return split(regex, 0);

}

public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {

/* fastpath if the regex is a

(1)one-char String and this character is not one of the

RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or

(2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and

the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.

*/

char ch = 0;

if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&

".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||

(regex.length() == 2 &&

regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&

(((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&

((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&

((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&

(ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||

ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))

{

int off = 0;

int next = 0;

boolean limited = limit > 0;

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {

if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {

list.add(substring(off, next));

off = next + 1;

} else { // last one

//assert (list.size() == limit - 1);

list.add(substring(off, value.length));

off = value.length;

break;

}

}

// If no match was found, return this

if (off == 0)

return new String[]{this};

// Add remaining segment

if (!limited || list.size() < limit)

list.add(substring(off, value.length));

// Construct result

int resultSize = list.size();

if (limit == 0) {

while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {

resultSize--;

}

}

String[] result = new String[resultSize];

return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);

}

return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);

}

2、StringBuilder

无

3、StringBuffer

无

2.6、字符串倒序

1、String

无

2、StringBuilder

@Override

public StringBuilder reverse() {

super.reverse();

return this;

}

父类AbstractStringBuilder

public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {

boolean hasSurrogates = false;

int n = count - 1;

for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {

int k = n - j;

char cj = value[j];

char ck = value[k];

value[j] = ck;

value[k] = cj;

if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||

Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {

hasSurrogates = true;

}

}

if (hasSurrogates) {

reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();

}

return this;

}

3、StringBuffer

@Override

public synchronized StringBuffer reverse() {

toStringCache = null;

super.reverse();

return this;

}

父类AbstractStringBuilder

public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {

boolean hasSurrogates = false;

int n = count - 1;

for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {

int k = n - j;

char cj = value[j];

char ck = value[k];

value[j] = ck;

value[k] = cj;

if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||

Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {

hasSurrogates = true;

}

}

if (hasSurrogates) {

reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();

}

return this;

}

3、字符串创建形式

3.1、String s ="1";

创建一个"1"对象，存放于常量池

3.2、String s2=new String("1");

创建一个 "1"对象  或  2个  s2指向的对象+"1"对象

4、字符串拼接形式

4.1、String s1=”1”+”2”+”3”;

创建一个"123"对象，存放于常量池；

4.2、String s2=”1”+”3”+new String(“1”)+”4”;

创建 "13"对象+ "1"对象  +  "4"对象 +  String对象1+  String对象 1314

4.3、String s3=new String(“1”)+new String(“1”);

创建 "1"对象  +  String1对象　+ String1对象 +  String11对象