mysql 读写分离 boot_SpringBoot+MyBatis+MySQL读写分离

1.  引言

读写分离要做的事情就是对于一条SQL该选择哪个数据库去执行,至于谁来做选择数据库这件事儿,无非两个,要么中间件帮我们做,要么程序自己做。因此,一般来讲,读写分离有两种实现方式。第一种是依靠中间件(比如:MyCat),也就是说应用程序连接到中间件,中间件帮我们做SQL分离;第二种是应用程序自己去做分离。这里我们选择程序自己来做,主要是利用Spring提供的路由数据源,以及AOP

然而,应用程序层面去做读写分离最大的弱点(不足之处)在于无法动态增加数据库节点,因为数据源配置都是写在配置中的,新增数据库意味着新加一个数据源,必然改配置,并重启应用。当然,好处就是相对简单。

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2.  AbstractRoutingDataSource

基于特定的查找key路由到特定的数据源。它内部维护了一组目标数据源,并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射,提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

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3.  实践

3.1.  maven依赖

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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

com.cjs.example

cjs-datasource-demo

0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

jar

cjs-datasource-demo

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.0.5.RELEASE

UTF-8

UTF-8

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-aop

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-jdbc

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.mybatis.spring.boot

mybatis-spring-boot-starter

1.3.2

org.apache.commons

commons-lang3

3.8

mysql

mysql-connector-java

runtime

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-test

test

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-maven-plugin

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3.2.  数据源配置

application.yml

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spring:

datasource:

master:

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.31:3306/test

username: root

password: 123456

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

slave1:

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.56:3306/test

username: pig # 只读账户

password: 123456

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

slave2:

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.36:3306/test

username: pig # 只读账户

password: 123456

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

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多数据源配置

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package com.cjs.example.config;

import com.cjs.example.bean.MyRoutingDataSource;

import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* 关于数据源配置,参考SpringBoot官方文档第79章《Data Access》

* 79. Data Access

* 79.1 Configure a Custom DataSource

* 79.2 Configure Two DataSources

*/

@Configuration

public class DataSourceConfig {

@Bean

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")

public DataSource masterDataSource() {

return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();

}

@Bean

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave1")

public DataSource slave1DataSource() {

return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();

}

@Bean

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave2")

public DataSource slave2DataSource() {

return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();

}

@Bean

public DataSource myRoutingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,

@Qualifier("slave1DataSource") DataSource slave1DataSource,

@Qualifier("slave2DataSource") DataSource slave2DataSource) {

Map targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();

targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER, masterDataSource);

targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1, slave1DataSource);

targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2, slave2DataSource);

MyRoutingDataSource myRoutingDataSource = new MyRoutingDataSource();

myRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);

myRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);

return myRoutingDataSource;

}

}

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这里,我们配置了4个数据源,1个master,2两个slave,1个路由数据源。前3个数据源都是为了生成第4个数据源,而且后续我们只用这最后一个路由数据源。

MyBatis配置

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package com.cjs.example.config;

import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;

import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@EnableTransactionManagement

@Configuration

public class MyBatisConfig {

@Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")

private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;

@Bean

public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {

SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();

sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);

sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));

return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();

}

@Bean

public PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager() {

return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);

}

}

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由于Spring容器中现在有4个数据源,所以我们需要为事务管理器和MyBatis手动指定一个明确的数据源。

3.3.  设置路由key / 查找数据源

目标数据源就是那前3个这个我们是知道的,但是使用的时候是如果查找数据源的呢?

首先,我们定义一个枚举来代表这三个数据源

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package com.cjs.example.enums;

public enum DBTypeEnum {

MASTER, SLAVE1, SLAVE2;

}

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接下来,通过ThreadLocal将数据源设置到每个线程上下文中

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package com.cjs.example.bean;

import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class DBContextHolder {

private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();

private static final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(-1);

public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType) {

contextHolder.set(dbType);

}

public static DBTypeEnum get() {

return contextHolder.get();

}

public static void master() {

set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);

System.out.println("切换到master");

}

public static void slave() {

// 轮询

int index = counter.getAndIncrement() % 2;

if (counter.get() > 9999) {

counter.set(-1);

}

if (index == 0) {

set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1);

System.out.println("切换到slave1");

}else {

set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2);

System.out.println("切换到slave2");

}

}

}

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获取路由key

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package com.cjs.example.bean;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

@Nullable

@Override

protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {

return DBContextHolder.get();

}

}

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设置路由key

默认情况下,所有的查询都走从库,插入/修改/删除走主库。我们通过方法名来区分操作类型(CRUD)

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package com.cjs.example.aop;

import com.cjs.example.bean.DBContextHolder;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect

@Component

public class DataSourceAop {

@Pointcut("!@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +

"&& (execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.select*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.get*(..)))")

public void readPointcut() {

}

@Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.insert*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.add*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.update*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.edit*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.delete*(..)) " +

"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.remove*(..))")

public void writePointcut() {

}

@Before("readPointcut()")

public void read() {

DBContextHolder.slave();

}

@Before("writePointcut()")

public void write() {

DBContextHolder.master();

}

/**

* 另一种写法:if...else... 判断哪些需要读从数据库,其余的走主数据库

*/

// @Before("execution(* com.cjs.example.service.impl.*.*(..))")

// public void before(JoinPoint jp) {

// String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();

//

// if (StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, "get", "select", "find")) {

// DBContextHolder.slave();

// }else {

// DBContextHolder.master();

// }

// }

}

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有一般情况就有特殊情况,特殊情况是某些情况下我们需要强制读主库,针对这种情况,我们定义一个主键,用该注解标注的就读主库

package com.cjs.example.annotation;

public @interface Master {

}

例如,假设我们有一张表member

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package com.cjs.example.service.impl;

import com.cjs.example.annotation.Master;

import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;

import com.cjs.example.entity.MemberExample;

import com.cjs.example.mapper.MemberMapper;

import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

@Service

public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {

@Autowired

private MemberMapper memberMapper;

@Transactional

@Override

public int insert(Member member) {

return memberMapper.insert(member);

}

@Master

@Override

public int save(Member member) {

return memberMapper.insert(member);

}

@Override

public List selectAll() {

return memberMapper.selectByExample(new MemberExample());

}

@Master

@Override

public String getToken(String appId) {

// 有些读操作必须读主数据库

// 比如,获取微信access_token,因为高峰时期主从同步可能延迟

// 这种情况下就必须强制从主数据读

return null;

}

}

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4.  测试

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package com.cjs.example;

import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;

import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

public class CjsDatasourceDemoApplicationTests {

@Autowired

private MemberService memberService;

@Test

public void testWrite() {

Member member = new Member();

member.setName("zhangsan");

memberService.insert(member);

}

@Test

public void testRead() {

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

memberService.selectAll();

}

}

@Test

public void testSave() {

Member member = new Member();

member.setName("wangwu");

memberService.save(member);

}

@Test

public void testReadFromMaster() {

memberService.getToken("1234");

}

}

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查看控制台

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5.  工程结构

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6.  参考

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