1,定义函数fun 函数名(参数名:类型,参数名:类型,...):返回类型{
......
}
比如fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
return a + b
}
如果不需要返回值,则可以fun printSum(a: Int, b: Int) {
println("sum of $a and $b is ${a + b}")
}
2,定义变量
如果是只读变量,用val声明,如果是可修改的变量,用var声明val a: Int = 1
val b = 2 // 自动推断类型`Int`
val c: Int // 如果没有初始值,则需要提供类型
c = 3 // 稍后赋值
var x = 5 // 自动推断类型`Int`
x += 1
3,字符串模板var a = 1
// simple name in template:
val s1 = "a is $a"
a = 2
// arbitrary expression in template:
val s2 = "${s1.replace("is", "was")}, but now is $a"
4,if表达式fun maxOf(a: Int, b: Int) = if (a > b) a else b
5,对于可能为null的值,必须判断fun parseInt(str: String): Int? {
// 如果不是int,就返回null
}
fun printProduct(arg1: String, arg2: String) {
val x = parseInt(arg1)
val y = parseInt(arg2)
// Using `x * y` yields error because they may hold nulls.
if (x != null && y != null) {
// x and y are automatically cast to non-nullable after null check
println(x * y)
}
else {
println("either '$arg1' or '$arg2' is not a number")
}
}
6, 用is 关键字判断对象类型,相当于java的instanceOffun getStringLength(obj: Any): Int? {
if (obj !is String) return null
// `obj` is automatically cast to `String` in this branch
return obj.length
}
7, list遍历val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwifruit")
for (item in items) {
println(item)
}
val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwifruit")
var index = 0
while (index
println("item at $index is ${items[index]}")
index++
}fun describe(obj: Any): String =
when (obj) {
1 -> "One"
"Hello" -> "Greeting"
is Long -> "Long"
!is String -> "Not a string"
else -> "Unknown"
}
8, 范围val x = 10
val y = 9
if (x in 1..y+1) {
println("fits in range")
}
val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
if (-1 !in 0..list.lastIndex) {
println("-1 is out of range")
}
if (list.size !in list.indices) {
println("list size is out of valid list indices range, too")
}
//遍历
for (x in 1..5) {
print(x)
}
//步长
for (x in 1..10 step 2) {
print(x)
}
println()
for (x in 9 downTo 0 step 3) {
print(x)
}
9,集合for (item in items) {
println(item)
}
when {
"orange" in items -> println("juicy")
"apple" in items -> println("apple is fine too")
}
//lambda表达式
val fruits = listOf("banana", "avocado", "apple", "kiwifruit")
fruits
.filter { it.startsWith("a") }
.sortedBy { it }
.map { it.toUpperCase() }
.forEach { println(it) }
10,创建对象val rectangle = Rectangle(5.0, 2.0) //不需要'new'
val triangle = Triangle(3.0, 4.0, 5.0)