六、Mysql主从同步
■1.配置主从同步
原理:mysql master被使用后,其中master后台IO线程会写Binlog;slave有一个Relay Log线程同步binlog日志,同时有另一个Extractor线程会读取相应的Binlog,在Slave进行相应的同样的操作。
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A、主从服务器分别做一下操作:
■版本一致
■初始化表,并在后台启动mysql
■修改root的密码
B、修改主服务器master[root@lab-1-C6 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #[必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=201 #服务器ID必须唯一,默认是1,一般取IP最后一段
binlog-ignore-db=test #指定不同步test库,同步其他
[root@lab-1-C6 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
C、修改从服务器slave[root@lab-2-C6 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #[不是必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=202 #服务器ID必须唯一,一般取IP最后一段
binlog-ignore-db=test #指定不同步test库,同步其他;或者binlog-do-db=mysql指定要同步的库
[root@lab-2-C6 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
D、在主服务器上建立账号并授权slave[root@lab-1-C6 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111qqq...
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'szk'@'192.168.1.202' identified by 'szk';
#一般不用root帐号,“%”表示所有客户端都可能连,只要帐号,密码正确,此处可用具体客户端IP代替,如192.168.1.202,加强安全
E、登录主服务器的mysql,查询master的状态mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 329 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注:执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MYSQL,防止主服务器状态值变化
F、配置从服务器slave同步参数[root@lab-2-C6 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111qqq...
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201', master_port=3306,master_user='szk',master_password='szk',master_log_file='mysql-master.000001',master_log_pos=329; #设定同步参数
mysql> start slave; #启动从服务器复制功能
G、检查从服务器复制功能状态mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201 #主服务器地址
Master_User: szk #授权帐户名,尽量避免使用root
Master_Port: 3306 #数据库端口,部分版本没有此行
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 329 #同步读取二进制日志的位置,大于等于Exec_Master_Log_Pos
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
H、主从同步测试#主服务器创建一个szk库
mysql> create database szk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| szk |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#从服务器查看库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| szk |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
I、主从同步错误解决方法
错误一:# Slave_IO_Running: No,这个错误就是IO 进程没连接上 ,想办法连接上把 把与主的POS 号和文件一定要对,然后重新加载下数据
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mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 329
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> show master status; #到主库上查询POS 号和文件
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201', master_port=3306,master_user='szk',master_password='szk',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
错误二:#Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file' ,由于主服务器以外重启导致,找到最接近错误标记627655136的一个position是4,再回到slave机器上change master, 将postion指向这个位置.
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000005
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#到主服务器找错误
mysqlbinlog /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000005 > /tmp/mysqllog.txt
tail /tmp/mysqllog.txt
BINLOG '
nUkHVw/JAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjI5LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
# at 4
#160408 14:03:09 server id 201 end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0xb218fd2f Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.29-log created 160408 14:03:09 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
#从服务器重新设置position
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> change master to master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',master_log_pos=4;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
错误三:#Slave_SQL_Running: No,mysql主从同步出现异常语句,跳过错误处理解决
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Error 'Can't drop database 'szk'; database doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'szk'. Query: 'drop database szk'
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 643
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.201
Master_User: szk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 643
Relay_Log_File: lab-2-C6-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
J、主从同步小结主从复制是异步的逻辑SQL语句复制
复制时,主库有一个I/O线程,即I/O和SQL线程
实现主从复制的必要条件是主库开启记录binlog功能
作为复制的所有Mysql节点的Server-id都不能相同
binlog文件只记录对数据库有更改的SQL语句(来自主数据库内容的变更),不记录任何查询(如select、show)语句