本文介绍了如何利用MySQL的init-connect配置和binlog功能，追踪并记录用户操作。当测试环境中出现数据误删问题时，通过这种方法可以获取登录信息、操作时间和用户详情。首先创建一个记录访问信息的access_log库和表，然后在配置文件中设置init-connect参数，记录登录信息。接着创建普通用户，并授予相应权限。在遇到权限问题时，及时调整权限设置，确保用户可以成功登录并记录操作。最后，通过binlog跟踪用户行为，结合thread_id，可以追溯到具体操作。
在MySQL中使用init-connect与binlog来实现用户操作追踪记录
分类： MySQL
前言：
测试环境莫名其妙有几条重要数据被删除了，由于在binlog里面只看到是公用账号删除的，无法查询是那个谁在那个时间段登录的，就考虑怎么记录每一个MYSQL账号的登录信息，在MYSQL中，每个连接都会先执行init-connect，进行连接的初始化，我们可以在这里获取用户的登录名称和thread的ID值。然后配合binlog，就可以追踪到每个操作语句的操作时间，操作人以及客户端的连接进程信息等。实现审计。1，在mysql服务器db中建立单独的记录访问信息的库setnames utf8;
create database access_log;
CREATE TABLE `access_log`
(
`id`int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`thread_id`int(11) DEFAULT NULL, --线程ID，这个值很重要
`log_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEF AULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,--登录时间
`localname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, --登录名称
`matchname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, --登录用户
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 comment '录入用户登录信息';2，在配置文件中配置init-connect参数。登录时插入日志表。如果这个参数是个错误的SQL语句，登录就会失败。
vim/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
init-connect='INSERT INTO access_log.access_log VALUES(NULL,CONNECTION_ID(),NOW(),USER(),CURRENT_USER());'然后重启数据库3，创建普通用户，不能有super权限，而且用户必须有对access_log库的access_log表的insert权限，否则会登录失败。
给登录用户赋予insert权限，但是不赋予access_log的insert、select权限，
GRANT INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE,SELECT ON test.* TO audit_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'cacti_user1603';
mysql> GRANT CREATE,DROP,ALTER,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE,SELECT ON test.* TO audit_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'cacti_user1603';
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql>exit
然后去用新的audit_user登录操作
[root@db_server~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uaudit_user -p -S /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 25Server version:5.6.12-log
Copyright (c)2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.
mysql> lect * fromaccess_log.access_log;
ERROR2006(HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:26Current database:*** NONE ***ERROR1184 (08S01): Aborted connection 26 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'audit_user' host: 'localhost'(init_connect command failed)
mysql>看到报错信息 (init_connect command failed)，再去错误日志error log验证一下：
tail-fn 5 /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log2014-07-28 16:03:31 23743 [Warning] Aborted connection 25 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'audit_user' host: 'localhost'(init_connect command failed)2014-07-28 16:03:31 23743 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'access_log'
2014-07-28 16:04:04 23743 [Warning] Aborted connection 26 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'audit_user' host: 'localhost'(init_connect command failed)2014-07-28 16:04:04 23743 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'access_log'看到必须要有对access_log库的access_log表的insert权限才行。4，赋予用户access_log的insert、select权限，然后重新赋予权限：
GRANT SELECT,INSERT ON access_log.* TO audit_user@'%';
mysql>mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT ON access_log.* TO audit_user@'%';
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql>exit
Bye
再登录，报错如下：
[root@db_server~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uaudit_user -p -S /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
Enter password:
ERROR1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'audit_user'@'localhost' (usingpassword: YES)
[root@db_server~]#
去查看error日志：2014-07-28 16:15:29 23743 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'access_log'
2014-07-28 16:15:41 23743 [Warning] Aborted connection 37 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'audit_user' host: 'localhost'(init_connect command failed)2014-07-28 16:15:41 23743 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'access_log'
2014-07-28 16:15:50 23743 [Warning] Aborted connection 38 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'audit_user' host: 'localhost'(init_connect command failed)2014-07-28 16:15:50 23743 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'access_log'需要用root用户登录进去，清空掉用户为''的用户记录。
mysql> select user,host,password frommysql.user;+----------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+----------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | db_server | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| root | ::1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | db_server | |
| cacti_user | % | *EB9E3195E443D577879101A35EF64A701B35F949 |
| cacti_user | 1 | *D5FF9B53A78232DA13D3643965A5961449B387DB |
| cacti_user | 2 | *D5FF9B53A78232DA13D3643965A5961449B387DB |
| test_user | 192.% | *8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17 |
| test_user | 1 | *8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17 |
| weakpwd_user_1 | 10.% | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| weakpwd_user_2 | 10.% | *B1461C9C68AFA1129A5F968C343636192A084ADB |
| weakpwd_user_3 | 10.% | *DCB7DF5FFC82C441503300FFF165257BC551A598 |
| audit_user | % | *AEAB1915B137FAFDE9B949D67A9A42DDB68DD8A2 |
+----------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00sec)
mysql> drop user ''@'localhost';
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql> drop user ''@'db_server';
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql>再用已经分配了access_log表的Insert权限的audit_user登录
mysql> select * fromaccess_log.access_log;+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| id | thread_id | log_time | localname | matchname |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| 4 | 41 | 2014-07-28 16:19:37 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 5 | 42 | 2014-07-28 16:20:32 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 6 | 45 | 2014-07-28 16:21:11 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00sec)
mysql>show full processlist;+----+------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| 45 | audit_user | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist |
+----+------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql>
5，再用另外一个用户登录建表，录入测试数据。
建表录入数据记录
mysql>use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1 select 1 as a, 'wa' asb;
Query OK,1 row affected (0.01sec)
Records:1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0查看跟踪用户行为记录。
mysql> select * fromaccess_log.access_log;+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| id | thread_id | log_time | localname | matchname |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| 4 | 41 | 2014-07-28 16:19:37 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 5 | 42 | 2014-07-28 16:20:32 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 6 | 45 | 2014-07-28 16:21:11 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 7 | 48 | 2014-07-28 16:30:42 | audit_user@192.168.3.62 | audit_user@% |
| 8 | 50 | 2014-07-28 16:46:11 | audit_user@192.168.3.62 | audit_user@% |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
8 rows in set (0.00sec)
去mysql db服务器上查看binlog 内容，解析完后，没有insert语句，怎么回事，去看my.cnf
#binlog-ignore-db=mysql # No sync databases
#binlog-ignore-db=test # No sync databases
#binlog-ignore-db=information_schema # No sync databases
#binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
原来是对test库有binlog过滤设置，全部注释掉。重启mysql库，重新来一遍，可以在看到binlog
在MySQL客户端上重新执行。
mysql>use test;
Database changed
mysql> insert into test.t1 select 5,'t5';
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)
Records:1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * fromaccess_log.access_log;+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| id | thread_id | log_time | localname | matchname |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
| 1 | 17 | 2014-07-28 15:41:04 | cacti_user@192.168.171.71 | cacti_user@% |
| 2 | 18 | 2014-07-28 15:41:05 | cacti_user@192.168.171.71 | cacti_user@% |
| 3 | 19 | 2014-07-28 15:41:05 | cacti_user@192.168.171.71 | cacti_user@% |
| 4 | 41 | 2014-07-28 16:19:37 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 5 | 42 | 2014-07-28 16:20:32 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 6 | 45 | 2014-07-28 16:21:11 | audit_user@localhost | audit_user@% |
| 7 | 48 | 2014-07-28 16:30:42 | audit_user@192.168.3.62 | audit_user@% |
| 8 | 50 | 2014-07-28 16:46:11 | audit_user@192.168.3.62 | audit_user@% |
| 9 | 56 | 2014-07-28 19:32:12 | audit_user@192.168.1.12 | audit_user@% |
| 10 | 1 | 2014-07-28 20:02:56 | audit_user@192.168.3.62 | audit_user@% |
+----+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+--------------+
10 rows in set (0.00sec)
看到thread_id为16，如何查看何跟踪用户行为记录。
去mysql数据库服务器上查看binlog，应该thread_id=1的binlog记录。
[root@db_server binlog]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000018 -v>3.log
[root@db_server binlog]# vim3.log
# at1103#140728 20:12:48 server id 72 end_log_pos 1175 CRC32 0xa323c00e Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1406549568/*!*/;
BEGIN/*!*/;
# at1175#140728 20:12:48 server id 72 end_log_pos 1229 CRC32 0xbb8ca914 Table_map: `access_log`.`t1` mapped to number 72# at1229#140728 20:12:48 server id 72 end_log_pos 1272 CRC32 0x8eed1450 Write_rows: table id 72flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `access_log`.`t1`
### SET
### @1=10### @2='w0'# at1272#140728 20:12:48 server id 72 end_log_pos 1303 CRC32 0x72b26336 Xid = 14COMMIT/*!*/;
看到thread_id=1，然后，就可以根据thread_id=1来判断执行这条insert命令的来源，还可以在mysql服务器上执行show full processlist;来得到MySQL客户端的请求端口，
mysql>show full processlist;+----+------------+-------------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------------+-------------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| 1 | audit_user | 192.168.3.62:44657 | test | Sleep | 162 | | NULL |
| 3 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist |
+----+------------+-------------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00sec)
mysql>看到Id为1的线程，端口是44657。
我们切换回mysql客户端，去查看端口是44657的是什么进程，如下所示：
[tim@db_client~]$ netstat -antlp |grep 44657(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp0 0 192.168.3.62:44657 192.168.1.12:3307 ESTABLISHED 6335/mysql
[tim@db_client~]$
获取到该进程的PID6335，再通过ps -eaf得到该进程所执行的命令，如下所示：
[tim@db_client~]$ ps -eaf|grep 6335tim6335 25497 0 19:59 pts/1 00:00:00 mysql -uaudit_user -p -h 192.168.1.12 -P3307
tim6993 6906 0 20:16 pts/2 00:00:00 grep 6335[tim@db_client~]$
最后查到是通过mysql客户端登陆连接的。加入这个6335是某个web工程的，那么，也可以根据ps-eaf命令查询得到web工程的进程信息。
参考文章地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24086995-id-168445.html
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