java filter_Java篇-Filter

一 : 过滤器Filter简述

过滤器是一个运行在服务端的程序,先于与之相关的servlet或JSP页面运行,实现对请求资源的过滤的功能,符合条件放行,不符合条件不放行,并且可以对目标资源访问前后进行逻辑处理.

二 : 书写一个Filter过滤器

① : 编写一个过滤器的类实现Filter接口

② : 实现接口中尚未实现的方法(着重实现doFilter方法)

public class QuickFilter implements Filter{

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

}

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)

throws IOException, ServletException {

System.out.println("qucikFilterRunning");

//放行请求

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

}

③ : 在web.xml中进行配置,主要是配置要对哪些资源进行过滤

QuickFilter

com.TianTianBaby.web.Filter.QuickFilter

QuickFilter

/*

三 : Filter的API详解

( 1 )filter生命周期及其生命周期相关的方法

Filter接口有三个方法,都是与Filter的生命周期相关的方法

init(FilterConfig filterConfig)

代表filter对象初始化方法,filter对象创建时执行

doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)

代表filter执行过滤的核心方法，如果某资源在已经被配置到这个filter进行过滤的话，那么每次访问这个资源都会执行doFilter方法

destory()代表是filter销毁方法,当filter对象销毁时执行该方法

Filter对象的生命周期 :

Filter何时创建 : 服务器启动时就创建该filter对象

Filter何时销毁 : 服务器关闭filter销毁

( 2 )FilterAPI

init(FilterConfig)

config代表Filter对象的配置信息的对象,内部封装是该filter的配置信息.

public class QuickFilter2 implements Filter{

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

//获得web.xml 中filter的名称

String name = filterConfig.getFilterName();

System.out.println(name);

//当前filter初始化参数

String parm = filterConfig.getInitParameter("aaa");

System.out.println(parm);

//获得servletContext

filterConfig.getServletContext();

}

destory()

filter对象销毁时执行

doFilter(ServletRequest,ServletResponse,FilterChain)

FilterChain：过滤器链对象，通过该对象的doFilter方法可以放行该请求

ServletRequest/ServletResponse：每次在执行doFilter方法时 web容器负责创建一个request和一个response对象作为doFilter的参数传递进来。该request个该response就是在访问目标资源的service方法时的request和response。

过程

四 : 配置

url-pattern配置时

完全匹配 /sertvle1

目录匹配 /aaa/bbb/* ----最多的

/user/：访问前台的资源进入此过滤器

/admin/：访问后台的资源时执行此过滤器

扩展名匹配 *.abc *.jsp

url-pattern可以使用servlet-name替代,此时filter 对配置的servlet起作用

dispatcher：访问的方式(了解)

REQUEST：默认值，代表直接访问某个资源时执行filter

FORWARD：转发时才执行filter

INCLUDE: 包含资源时执行filter

ERROR：发生错误时 进行跳转是执行filter

五 : 自动登录demo

WEB-Servlet

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

//获取数据

String username = request.getParameter("username");

String password = request.getParameter("password");

UserService service = new UserService();

User user = null;

try {

user = service.login(username,password);

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

if (user != null) {

//登录成功

//判断用户是否勾选

String autoLogin = request.getParameter("autoLogin");

if (autoLogin != null) {

//编码

String username_code = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(username, "UTF-8");

Cookie cookie_name = new Cookie("cookie_name", username_code);

Cookie cookie_pass = new Cookie("cookie_pass", password);

cookie_name.setPath(request.getContextPath());

cookie_pass.setPath(request.getContextPath());

cookie_name.setMaxAge(60*60);

response.addCookie(cookie_name);

response.addCookie(cookie_pass);

}

//将登录用户user对象存到session中

session.setAttribute("user", user);

response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath());

}else {

session.setAttribute("loginInfo", "用户名密码错误");

request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);

}

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

doGet(request, response);

}

}

WEB-Filter

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)

throws IOException, ServletException {

//获得用户Cookie中用户名和密码进行登录操作

//获得cookie

HttpServletRequest res = (HttpServletRequest)request;

HttpServletResponse rep = (HttpServletResponse)response;

String cookie_username = null;

String cookie_pass = null;

Cookie[] cookies = res.getCookies();

if (cookies != null) {

for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {

if (cookie.getName().equals("cookie_name")) {

cookie_username = cookie.getValue();

}

if (cookie.getName().equals("cookie_pass")) {

cookie_pass = cookie.getValue();

}

}

}

if (cookie_username != null && cookie_pass != null) {

//登录

UserService service = new UserService();

User user = null;

try {

user = service.login(cookie_username,cookie_pass);

//将登录用户user对象存到session中

res.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("自动登录");

//放行

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

}

六 : 全局解决中文乱码demo

用此filter解决所有servlet中文乱码问题

WEB-Filter

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)

throws IOException, ServletException {

//request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

//在传递request之前对request的getParameter方法进行增强

/*

* 装饰者模式(包装)

*

* 1、增强类与被增强的类要实现统一接口

* 2、在增强类中传入被增强的类

* 3、需要增强的方法重写 不需要增强的方法调用被增强对象的

*

*/

//被增强的对象

HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;

//增强对象

EnhanceRequest enhanceRequest = new EnhanceRequest(req);

chain.doFilter(enhanceRequest, response);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

}

}

class EnhanceRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{

private HttpServletRequest request;

public EnhanceRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {

super(request);

this.request = request;

}

//对getParaameter增强

@Override

public String getParameter(String name) {

String parameter = request.getParameter(name);//乱码

try {

parameter = new String(parameter.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return parameter;

}

}