java 线程 call 查询,java线程中Callble和Future的使用 | 学步园

Callable是java.util.concurrent包中一个接口，Callable 接口类似于Runnable，两者都是为那些其实例可能被另一个线程执行的类设计的。但是Runnable

不会返回结果，并且无法抛出经过检查的异常。此接口中就声明了一个方法call(),这个方法计算结果，如果无法计算结果，则抛出一个异常。Executors类包含一些从其他普通形式转换成Callable类的实用方法。我们来看看此接口和它方法声明的源码(JDK1.6)：

public interface Callable {

/**

* Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.

*

* @return computed result

* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result

*/

V call() throws Exception;

}

Future也是java.util.concurrent包中一个接口，Future接口 表示异步计算的结果。它提供了检查计算是否完成的方法，以等待计算的完成，并获取计算的结果。计算完成后只能使用get()或者get(long timeout,TimeUnit unit) 方法来获取结果，如有必要，计算完成前可以阻塞此方法。取消则由cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)

方法来执行。还提供了其他方法，以确定任务是正常完成还是被取消了。一旦计算完成，就不能再取消计算。如果为了可取消性而使用Future 但又不提供可用的结果，则可以声明Future> 形式类型、并返回null作为底层任务的结果， FutureTask

类是Future 的一个实现。我们来看看源码(JDK1.6)：

public interface Future {

/**

* Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will

* fail if the task has already completed, already been cancelled,

* or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,

* and this task has not started when cancel is called,

* this task should never run. If the task has already started,

* then the mayInterruptIfRunning parameter determines

* whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in

* an attempt to stop the task.

*

*

After this method returns, subsequent calls to {@link #isDone} will

* always return true. Subsequent calls to {@link #isCancelled}

* will always return true if this method returned true.

*

* @param mayInterruptIfRunning true if the thread executing this

* task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed

* to complete

* @return false if the task could not be cancelled,

* typically because it has already completed normally;

* true otherwise

*/

boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);

/**

* Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed

* normally.

*

* @return true if this task was cancelled before it completed

*/

boolean isCancelled();

/**

* Returns true if this task completed.

*

* Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or

* cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return

* true.

*

* @return true if this task completed

*/

boolean isDone();

/**

* Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then

* retrieves its result.

*

* @return the computed result

* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled

* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an

* exception

* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted

* while waiting

*/

V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

/**

* Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation

* to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.

*

* @param timeout the maximum time to wait

* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument

* @return the computed result

* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled

* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an

* exception

* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted

* while waiting

* @throws TimeoutException if the wait timed out

*/

V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;

}

下边我们就通过一个例子来简单了解它们是如何使用的。

package CallableFuture;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CallableFutureTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// 定义3个Callable类型的任务

Callable task0 = new CallableTest(0);

Callable task1 = new CallableTest(1);

Callable task2 = new CallableTest(2);

ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);// 创建一个执行任务的线程池

try {

Future future0 = es.submit(task0);// 提交并执行任务1，任务启动时返回了一个Future对象

System.out.println("task0执行结果 ：" + future0.get());// 获得第一个任务的结果，如果调用get方法直到当前线程会等待任务执行完毕后才往下执行

Future future1 = es.submit(task1);// 提交并执行任务2，任务启动时返回了一个Future对象

String result1=null;

try{

result1=(String) future1.get(6,TimeUnit.SECONDS);// 如有必要，最多等待6秒之后，获取其结果(如果结果可用)，因为此时任务在无限循环肯定超时

}catch(TimeoutException e){

System.out.println("future1用get获取超时了！此时任务1的执行结果："+result1);

}

Future future2 = es.submit(task2);// 提交并执行任务2，任务启动时返回了一个Future对象

System.out.println("任务2开始执行了.....");

Thread.sleep(2000);//主线程即当前线程停止2秒往下执行

System.out.println("task1被cancel()取消任务，结果: " + future1.cancel(true));//中断任务1的循环

System.out.println("task2执行结果：" + future2.get());

} catch (Exception e){

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

// 停止任务执行服务

es.shutdownNow();

System.out.println("所有任务全部结束了!");

}

}

class CallableTest implements Callable{

public int testData = 0;

public CallableTest(int testData){

this.testData = testData;

}

@Override

public String call() throws Exception{

if (this.testData == 0){

return "testData = 0";

}

if (this.testData == 1){

try {

while (true) {

System.out.println("任务1执行中.....");

Thread.sleep(1000);

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("任务1中断了.....");

}

return "如果被cancle，则不会接受返回值！";

} else {

Thread.sleep(10000);

return "任务2睡了10秒！";

}

}

}

执行结果如下：

task0执行结果 ：testData = 0

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

future1用get获取超时了！此时任务1的执行结果：null

任务2开始执行了.....

任务1执行中.....

任务1执行中.....

task1被cancel()取消任务，结果: true

任务1中断了.....

task2执行结果：任务2睡了10秒！

所有任务全部结束了!

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