centos安装mysql步骤,CentOS安装mysql超详细步骤

MySQL5.7下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

1. 删除系统自带的Mariadb 或MySQL

#卸载系统自带的Mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

#删除etc目录下的my.cnf文件，若不存在可以略过此步

[root@localhost soft]# rm /etc/my.cnf

rm: 无法删除"/etc/my.cnf": 没有那个文件或目录

#检查mysql是否存在

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

#检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

2. 新建mysql用户、用户组

#创建mysql用户组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql

#创建一个用户名为mysql的用户并加入mysql用户组(第一个mysql表示用户组，第二个表示用户名)

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

#设定password(mysql为我创建的用户名，可以自行调整)

[root@localhost soft]# passwd mysql

更改用户 mysql 的密码 。

新的 密码：

重新输入新的 密码：

passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

3. 新建数据目录

#在home下新建data数据存放目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home

[root@localhost home]# mkdir mysqldata

#授权用户、组

[root@localhost home]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysqldata

4. 修改配置文件

在etc下新建配置文件my.cnf

my.cnf参考配置：

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

skip-name-resolve

port = 3306

#此处自行调整，mysql的安装目录

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

#此处自行调整，mysql数据存放目录

datadir=/home/mysqldata

max_connections=200

character-set-server=utf8

default-storage-engine=INNODB

lower_case_table_names=1

max_allowed_packet=16M

#log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql57/binlog

log-bin=OFF

binlog-format=ROW

server-id=1

#是否开始验证，若放开，则登录mysql时忽略验证

#skip-grant-tables

设置权限：

[root@localhost local]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf

5.解压文件

将下载好的压缩文件上传到服务器，具体目录可以自己设置，我这里再home目录下新建了soft目录来存放

#进入压缩文件所在目录

[root@localhost soft]# pwd

/home/soft

#解压到/usr/local/

[root@localhost soft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/local/

#重命名为mysql

[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

6.修改mysql所属用户组，初始化mysql

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql/bin

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/home/mysqldata/

### 如果上面命令初始化不成功可以使用下面语句初始化

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql_install_db --no-defaults --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysqldata/

2019-10-18 09:17:08 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize

2019-10-18 09:17:12 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:

2019-10-18 09:17:12 [WARNING] 2019-10-18T01:17:08.767197Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead

2019-10-18T01:17:08.767839Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5010)

2019-10-18T01:17:08.767845Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_connections: 214 (requested 1000)

2019-10-18T01:17:08.767847Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 400 (requested 2000)

7.防火墙设置

#查看防火墙状态是否启动 ，如下是已经启动

[root@localhost bin]# systemctl status firewalld

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since 二 2019-10-15 16:20:16 CST; 2 days ago

Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Main PID: 1223 (firewalld)

CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service

└─1223 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

10月 15 16:20:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

10月 15 16:20:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

#如果防火墙未启动， 通过systemctl start firewalld开启防火墙，没有任何提示即开启成功。

[root@localhost bin]# systemctl start firewalld

#添加端口

[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

success

#重新加载设置

[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

8.设置全局查看mysql服务

#如果未配置会出现如下

[root@localhost support-files]# service mysql status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysql.service

Unit mysql.service could not be found.

#配置

[root@localhost support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@localhost support-files]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql

#修改内容，具体目录可以自行调整

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/home/mysqldata

#修改权限

[root@localhost support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@localhost init.d]# service mysql status

ERROR! MySQL is not running

9. mysql用户初始化默认密码、远程连接初始化

#查看mysql服务状态

[root@localhost bin]# service mysql status

ERROR! MySQL is not running

#启动，stop是停止

[root@localhost bin]# service mysql start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[root@localhost bin]# service mysql status

SUCCESS! MySQL running (7645)

##获取默认密码

[root@localhost bin]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2019-10-18 09:17:08

1fNsl6LkQ+*/

#登录

[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.21

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

###这里修改密码 单引号之间的是新密码

mysql>set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456a');

###切库

mysql>use mysql;

###若修改密码不生效,使用以下命令修改

mysql>update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("自定义密码") where user='root';

##修改权限，设置远程访问，user后的单引号是用户名

mysql>update user set host='%' where user='root';

###刷新

mysql> flush privileges;

如果修改无效，刷新一下再重启mysql服务！

至此，结束，可以使用navicat远程连接上！

附带一些基本命令

show databases;//显示所有数据库

show tables;//显示所有表

use 库名；//切库

desc 表名；//查看表结构