简述
Linux Centos7.x 操作系统版本下针对Mysql的安装和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，下面介绍下在centos7.x环境里安装mysql5.7的几种方法：
一、yum方式安装
二、RPM包方式安装
1)卸载系统自带的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@mysql-01 ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@mysql-01 ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2)下载mysql5.7.25 rpm安装包
下载地址：http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/
[root@mysql-01 ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@mysql-01 ~]# tar -zvxf mysql-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@mysql-01 ~]# ll
total 1031292
-rw-------. 1 root root 1754 Apr 27 2018 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 528015360 Dec 24 13:44 mysql-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 25402568 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 280904 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 3839640 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 46782224 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 24079656 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 130149460 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2271668 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2116628 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 173130520 Dec 24 13:42 mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 119947432 Dec 24 13:43 mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
依次执行(几个包有依赖关系，所以执行有先后)下面命令安装
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
=============================================================================================================
可能在安装mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的时候会有如下报错：
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64
net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64
这个报错的意思是需要安装libaio包和net-tools包：
安装libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@mysql-01 ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@mysql-01 ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm --force
安装net-tools
[root@mysql-01 ~]# yum install net-tools
=============================================================================================================
使用rpm安装方式安装mysql，安装的路径如下：
数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql/
配置文件
/usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
/etc/my.cnf
相关命令
/usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
启动脚本
/etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
3)数据库初始化
为了保证数据库目录为与文件的所有者为 mysql 登陆用户，如果你是以 root 身份运行 mysql 服务，需要执行下面的命令初始化
[root@mysql-01 ~]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/var/lib/mysql //必须指定datadir,执行后会生成~/.mysql_secret密码文件
[root@mysql-01 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql //新版的推荐此方法，执行生会在/var/log/mysqld.log生成随机密码。如果是以mysql身份运行，则可以去掉--user选项。
4)更改mysql数据库目录的所属用户及其所属组，然后启动mysql数据库
[root@mysql-01 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
[root@mysql-01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service //启动mysql数据库服务
5)根据第3步中的密码登录到mysql，更改root用户的密码，新版的mysql在第一次登录后更改密码前是不能执行任何命令的
另外--initialize 选项默认以“安全”模式来初始化，则会为 root 用户生成一个密码并将该密码标记为过期，登陆后你需要设置一个新的密码，
而使用--initialize-insecure命令则不使用安全模式，则不会为 root 用户生成一个密码。
这里演示使用的--initialize初始化的，会生成一个 root 账户密码，密码在log文件里，如下最后的")1r3gi,hjgQa"即为随即生成的root密码
[root@mysql-01 ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
.......
07T04:41:58.420558Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )1r3gi,hjgQa
问题描述：
====================================================================================
centos 7.x 修改密码有所变化，如果在/var/log/mysqld.log下密码查看不到，如下：
........
2019-04-04T04:19:00.017845Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
需要在root在修改文件 vim /etc/my.cnf ，在最底端加上一条skip-grant-tables ，表示root下直接跳过MySQL密码进行登录；进去MySQL之后再进行密码更新修改，具体原因如一中密码修改所述；
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注意：但是使用密码登录后，centos 7系统下首次进入必须进行重置密码。
==================================================================================
[root@mysql-01 ~]# mysql -p123456 //登录进去MySQL
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
如果出现提示报错信息，需要使用 alter user 进行重置密码，因为centos 7.x 下首次进入必须重置一次密码操作；
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、编译方式安装
1)卸载系统自带的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2)安装编译代码需要的包
/usr/bin/yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
[root@kevin ~]#
3)安装boost
[root@kevin ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin ~]# cd /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin boost]# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@kevin boost]# tar -zvxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
4)编译安装mysql5.7.21
[root@kevin ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
[root@kevin ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@kevin ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@kevin src]# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]# /bin/tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]# cd mysql-5.7.21/
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# make && make install
5)修改/data/mysql权限
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
6)执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
7)配置my.cnf
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# cat /data/mysql/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock
basedir = /data/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
##open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M
ft_min_word_len = 4
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
##lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
##default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 40960M
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
8) 启动mysql服务
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# cd /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/mkdir var
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/chown -R mysql.mysql var
[root@kevin mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# /sbin/chkconfig mysql on
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start
9) 设置环境变量
[root@kevin mysql]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/data/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@kevin mysql]# source /etc/profile
10)设置mysql登陆密码,初始密码为nextcloud@123
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# ln -s /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
11)修改密码
由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后默认使用空密码进行登录！并且mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，
password字段改成了authentication_string。
所以修改密码的命令如下：
[root@kevin mysql]# vim /data/mysql/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
skip-grant-tables //先设置无密码登陆
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql restart
[root@kevin mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('kevin@123') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
然后再将/data/mysql/my.cnf配置文件中的"skip-grant-tables"去掉，重启mysql服务，就可以使用上面重置后的新密码kevin@123登陆了！
===================================================================================================
温馨提示:
如果是mysql5.7.23版本, 则就不能使用mysql_install_db进行初始化了, 需要使用mysqld --initialize !
[root@lamp-new mysql-5.7.23]# /data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
2018-11-22 14:16:02 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-11-22 14:16:18 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2018-11-22 14:16:18 [WARNING] 2018-11-22T06:16:02.633498Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2018-11-22T06:16:02.645463Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2018-11-22T06:16:02.645476Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
可以看到mysql_install_db is deprecated，说不赞同使用mysql_install_db，推荐使用的方法是：
Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize ，Please consider using --initialize instead
所以正确的初始方式是使用mysqld --initialize, 而不是之前的mysql_install_db, mysql5.7新特性!!!!!
[root@lamp-new mysql]# /data/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql --initialize
2018-11-22T06:25:33.481308Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-11-22T06:25:34.192747Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-11-22T06:25:34.473292Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-11-22T06:25:34.664979Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 6b50ba05-ee1f-11e8-afc3-005056880f83.
2018-11-22T06:25:34.689381Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-11-22T06:25:34.690649Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: JR6wA4ezp3&M
注意上面:
MySQL 5.7初始化完后会生成一个临时的密码，A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )vyd3aXj8hhC 如果想初始化表空间，
在后面加上 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend即可。
四、yum安装MariaDB
[root@kevin ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
[root@kevin ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@kevin ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
接下来进行MariaDB的相关简单配置，设置密码，会提示先输入密码
[root@kevin ~]# mysql_secure_installation
首先是设置密码，会提示先输入密码
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
设置密码
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
其他配置
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
[root@kevin ~]# mysql -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
接下来配置MariaDB的字符集:
-> 首先是配置文件/etc/my.cnf，在[mysqld]标签下添加
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
-> 接着配置文件/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf，在[client]中添加
default-character-set=utf8
-> 然后配置文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf，在[mysql]中添加
default-character-set=utf8
最后是重启MariaDB，并登陆MariaDB查看字符集
[root@test-vm001 my.cnf.d]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@kevin ~]# mysql -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
为Confluence创建对应的数据库、用户名和密码
MariaDB [(none)]> create database confluence default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on confluence.* to 'confluence'@'%' identified by 'confluencepasswd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
---------------------------------------------书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟--------------------------------------------------------
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