mysql生产环境主备_生产环境下的MySQL数据库主从Replication同步

1、概述

Mysql的主从同步Replication同步(又叫主从复制)是一个很成熟的架构，它有以下优点：

1.1 在从服务器上可以执行查询功能(即我们常说的读功能)，降低主服务器压力。

1.2 在从服务器上进行备份，避免备份期间影响主服务器服务。

1.3 当主服务器出现问题时，可以切换到从服务器。

2.安装先工作

yum

-y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng

libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib

zlib-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn

libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel

yum

groupinstall "Developement Tools" "Development Libraries" -yt

2.1.MYSQL数据库设计的文件及对应目录：

MySQL的安装位置: /usr/local/webserver/mysql

my.cnf 配置文件: /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf

mysql的数据库位置: /data/data/

2.2 工作环境:

主服务器:192.168.0.100

从服务器:192.168.0.104

操作系统:CentOS release 5.5

3.开始安装(主从一样)

3.1.添加用户和组

/usr/sbin/groupadd

mysql

/usr/sbin/userad -g mysql mysql

3.2 解压缩，进行编译

cd /usr/local/src

tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.3.m3.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.3.m3

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler

--with-extra-char-sets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client

--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server

--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase

make&&make install

3.3 赋予权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/data

3.4 配置文件：

[client]

character-set-server = utf8

port = 3306

mysql = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /data/data/

log-error = /data/data/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /data/data/mysql.pid

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 600

max_connections = 5000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192k

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /data/data/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

#binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-info-file = /data/data/relaylog

relay-log-index = /data/data/relaylog

relay-log = /data/data/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id =

1 //设置主服务器(1-32)

log-bin =

binlog

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

[mysql]

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

function start mysql

3.5 设置密码

cd

/usr/local/mysql/bin

mysqladmin

-u root -p //设置密码

3.6 安装库

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db

--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --datadir = /data/data/

--user = mysql

3.7 启动数据库

nohup

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

--defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf

&

4.配置数据库

4.1.配置主库

server-id = 1

log-bin = binlog

binlog-do-db=zsz //可选

nohup /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

--defaults-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf

& //启动主数据库

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin -u root -p -S

/tmp/mysql.sock //登入数据库

grant replication slave on *.* to 'admin'@'192.168.0.104'identified

by '123456' //赋予从库权限账号

mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.0.100 -S

/tmp/mysql.sock //登入到从库进行验证

mysql> select user,host from

mysql.user; //查看是否创建成功

+-------+-----------------------+

| user |

host |

+-------+-----------------------+

| root |

127.0.0.1 |

| admin |

192.168.0.104 |

| root |

::1 |

| |

localhost |

| root |

localhost |

| | localhost.localdomain |

| root | localhost.localdomain |

+-------+-----------------------+

7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

flush tables with read

lock; //锁定主键表

show master

status; //显示主键信息

4.2 设置从库

vi /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf

server-id = 2

cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin

./mysql -u root -p

slave

stop; //停止从数据库

change master to master_host =

'192.168.0.100',master_user='admin'master_password='123456',master_log_file='binlog.0000017',master_log_pos=1187; //从主服务器上设置同步

master_log_file：和master查看状态的File名称一致

master_log_pos=1187：和master的postion一致

slave

start; //启动slave

mysql> show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row

***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.0.100

Master_User: admin

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: binlog.000009

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 842

Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 985

Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000009

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running:

Yes Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0