sklearn中的K-means算法
目录:
1 传统K-means聚类
2 非线性边界聚类
3 预测结果与真实标签的匹配
4 聚类结果的混淆矩阵
参考文章:
K-means算法实现:文章介绍了k-means算法的基本原理和scikit中封装的kmeans库的基本参数的含义
K-means源码解读 : 这篇文章解读了scikit中kmeans的部分源码
本例的notebook笔记文件:git仓库
首先导入必须的库:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns; sns.set()
%matplotlib inline
1 传统K-means聚类
构造数据集
from sklearn.datasets.samples_generator import make_blobs
X, y_true = make_blobs(n_samples=300, centers=4, cluster_std=0.60, random_state=0)
plt.scatter(X[:,0], X[:, 1], s=50)
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=4)
kmeans.fit(X)
y_kmeans = kmeans.predict(X)
绘制聚类结果, 画出聚类中心
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y_kmeans, s=50, cmap='viridis')
centers = kmeans.cluster_centers_
plt.scatter(centers[:,0], centers[:, 1], c='black', s=80, marker='x')
2 非线性边界聚类
对于非线性边界的kmeans聚类的介绍,查阅于《python数据科学手册》P410
构造数据
from sklearn.datasets import make_moons
X, y = make_moons(200, noise=0.05, random_state=0)
传统kmeans聚类失败的情况
labels = KMeans(n_clusters=2, random_state=0).fit_predict(X)
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=labels, s=50, cmap='viridis')
应用核方法, 将数据投影到更高纬的空间,变成线性可分
from sklearn.cluster import SpectralClustering
model = SpectralClustering(n_clusters=2, affinity='nearest_neighbors', assign_labels='kmeans')
labels = model.fit_predict(X)
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=labels, s=50, cmap='viridis')
3 预测结果与真实标签的匹配
手写数字识别例子
from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
digits = load_digits()
进行聚类
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=10, random_state=0)
clusters = kmeans.fit_predict(digits.data)
kmeans.cluster_centers_.shape
(10, 64)
可以将这些族中心点看做是具有代表性的数字
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 5, figsize=(8, 3))
centers = kmeans.cluster_centers_.reshape(10, 8, 8)
for axi, center in zip(ax.flat, centers):
axi.set(xticks=[], yticks=[])
axi.imshow(center, interpolation='nearest', cmap=plt.cm.binary)
进行众数匹配
from scipy.stats import mode
labels = np.zeros_like(clusters)
for i in range(10):
#得到聚类结果第i类的 True Flase 类型的index矩阵
mask = (clusters ==i)
#根据index矩阵,找出这些target中的众数,作为真实的label
labels[mask] = mode(digits.target[mask])[0]
有了真实的指标,可以进行准确度计算
accuracy_score(digits.target, labels)
0.7935447968836951
4 聚类结果的混淆矩阵
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
mat = confusion_matrix(digits.target, labels)
np.fill_diagonal(mat, 0)
sns.heatmap(mat.T, square=True, annot=True, fmt='d', cbar=False,
xticklabels=digits.target_names,
yticklabels=digits.target_names)
plt.xlabel('true label')
plt.ylabel('predicted label')