linux 编写win程序,如何编写一个在Linux和Windows中容易编译的C++程序？

Once you're aware of the gotchas, it's actually not that hard. All of the code I am currently working on compiles on 32 and 64-bit Windows, all flavors of Linux, as well as Unix (Sun, HP and IBM). Obviously, these are not GUI products. Also, we don't use third-party libraries, unless we're compiling them ourselves.

I have one .h file that contains all of the compiler-specific code. For example, Microsoft and gcc disagree on how to specify an 8-bit integer. So in the .h, I have

#if defined(_MSC_VER)

typedef __int8 int8_t;

#elif defined(__unix)

typedef char int8_t;

#endif

There's also quite a bit of code that uniformizes certain lower-level function calls, for example:

#if defined(_MSC_VER)

#define SplitPath(Path__,Drive__,Name__,Ext__) _splitpath(Path__,Drive__,Dir__,Name__,Ext__)

#elif defined(__unix)

#define SplitPath(Path__,Drive__,Name__,Ext__) UnixSplitPath(Path__,Drive__,Name__,Ext__)

#endif

Now in this case, I believe I had to write a UnixSplitPath() function - there will be times when you need to. But most of the time, you just have to find the correct replacement function. In my code, I'll call SplitPath(), even though it's not a native function on either platform; the #defines will sort it out for me. It takes a while to train yourself.

Believe it or not, my .h file is only 240 lines long. There's really not much to it. And that includes handling endian issues.

Some of the lower-level stuff will need conditional compilation. For example, in Windows, I use Critical Sections, but in Linux I need to use pthread_mutex's. CriticalSection's were encapsulated in a class, and this class has a good deal of conditional compilation. However, the upper-level program is totally unaware, the class functions exactly the same regardless of the platform.

The other secret I can give you is: build your project on all platforms often (particularly at the beginning). It is a lot easier when you nip the compiler problems in the bud. Don't wait until you're done development before you attempt to go cross-platform.