java filter param_Java中的Filter详解 --基础篇

Filter是Servlet规范中的一个高级特性，和Servlet不同的是，他们不处理客户端请求，只用于对request，response进行修改；

如果要自己实现一个自定义的Filter必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口，接口中有三个方法：

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the

* request to a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response

* from a resource, or both.

* @since Servlet 2.3

*/

public interface Filter {

/**

* Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is

* being placed into service.

*/

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig ) throws ServletException;

/**

* The doFilter method of the Filter is called by the

* container each time a request/response pair is passed through the

* chain due to a client request for a resource at the end of the chain.

* The FilterChain passed in to this method allows the Filter to pass

* on the request and response to the next entity in the chain.

*/

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request , ServletResponse response ,

FilterChain chain )

throws IOException, ServletException;

/**

* Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being

* taken out of service.

*/

public void destroy();

}

三个方法反应了Filter的生命周期，其中init(),destory()方法只在Web程序加载或者卸载的时候调用，doFilter()方法每次请求都会调用。

另外，Filter在web.xml中的简单配置如下：

< filter-name> characterFilter

< filter-class> space.ifei.wxchat.sys.CharacterFilter

characterFilter

/*

其中：

“init- param ”设置自定义Filter里面属性的值；

“dispatcher ”设置到达servlet的方式，方式有4种：REQUEST,FORWARD,INCLUDE,ERROR.

需要注意的是：在一个Web程序中可以配置多个Filter，Filter的执行顺序要分先后的