bulk es 删除_ES-通过API进行数据管理(增删改查)

[TOC]

## 数据管理

ES提供近乎实时的数据操纵和搜索能力。默认情况下，从索引/更新/删除数据到在搜索结果中出现数据之前，可以预期延迟一秒钟(刷新间隔)。这是与其他SQL数据库的重要区别，SQL数据库中的数据在事务完成后立即可用。

### **添加Document： `PUT ///`**

现在我们往"customer"中创建一个ID为1 的document：

```

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"name": "John Doe"

}

'

```

运行结果如下：

```cmd

{

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "1",

"_version" : 1,

"result" : "created",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 0,

"_primary_term" : 1

}

```

通过上面的命令，我们已经成功的添加了一个customer document在customer index中

>[info] 值得注意的是,Elasticsearch不需要在显式地创建一个索引之前,我们就可以创建索引文档。在前面的示例中,如果没有事先已经存在索引，Elasticsearch将自动创建索引。

其中，ID为可选项，假如我们没有指定ID，ES则会自动生成一个唯一的ID，如下：

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"name": "Cherish"

}

'

```

运行结果如下：

```cmd

{

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "EJLLSWcBMnaFSnQdDr7_",

"_version" : 1,

"result" : "created",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 0,

"_primary_term" : 3

}

```

注意：我们这里使用了`POST`而不是`PUT`,添加后，生成的ID为`EJLLSWcBMnaFSnQdDr7_`

### **查询Document： `GET ///`**

查询索引Customer中ID为1的Document命令：

```

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1?pretty"

```

查询结果如下：

```cmd

{

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "1",

"_version" : 1,

"found" : true,

"_source" : {

"name" : "John Doe"

}

}

```

根据查询结果，ID为1的document中，name=“John Doe”

### **替换Document：`PUT ///`**

添加Document时，假设ID已存在，如前面添加的ID为1，这将会覆盖原来的记录，如下：

```

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"name": "Milton"

}

'

```

重新查询时 `curl -X GET "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1?pretty"`

查询结果如下：

```cmd

{

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "1",

"_version" : 2,

"found" : true,

"_source" : {

"name" : "Milton"

}

}

```

通过上面结果可以得知，ID为1的Document已经被替换。注意“_version”已自增

### **更新Document： `POST _update`**

- 更新customer中ID为1的Document中的name为“Apple”

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1/_update?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"doc": { "name": "Apple" }

}

'

```

- 更新customer中ID为1的Document中的name为“Tom”，并且添加新的字段age

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1/_update?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"doc": { "name": "Tom", "age": 20 }

}

'

```

- 使用Scripts脚本更新Document中的age+5

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/1/_update?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{

"script" : "ctx._source.age += 5"

}

'

```

上面例子中`ctx._source`代表被更新的对象本身。

### **删除Document： `DELETE ///`**

删除customer中ID为2的Document

```

curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/2?pretty"

```

假设文档不存在，则返回如下

```

{

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "2",

"_version" : 1,

"result" : "not_found",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 0,

"_primary_term" : 1

}

```

### **批量处理：`POST //_bulk`**

在ES中，除了上面针对单个Document增、删、改、查之外，ES还提供了一个强大的API`_bulk`，它具备了批量操作的能力。

1. 批量添加两个Document

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/_bulk?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{"index":{"_id":"11"}}

{"name": "Milton" }

{"index":{"_id":"22"}}

{"name": "Cherish" }

'

```

运行结果如下：

```cmd

{

"took" : 272,

"errors" : false,

"items" : [

{

"index" : {

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "11",

"_version" : 1,

"result" : "created",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 0,

"_primary_term" : 3,

"status" : 201

}

},

{

"index" : {

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "22",

"_version" : 1,

"result" : "created",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 1,

"_primary_term" : 3,

"status" : 201

}

}

]

}

```

通过上面可知，已经新增的两条Document

2. 批量更新和删除Document

```

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/customer/_doc/_bulk?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'

{"update":{"_id":"11"}}

{"doc": { "name": "Milton Love Cherish" } }

{"delete":{"_id":"22"}}

'

```

运行结果如下：

```cmd

{

"took" : 269,

"errors" : false,

"items" : [

{

"update" : {

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "11",

"_version" : 2,

"result" : "updated",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 1,

"_primary_term" : 3,

"status" : 200

}

},

{

"delete" : {

"_index" : "customer",

"_type" : "_doc",

"_id" : "22",

"_version" : 2,

"result" : "deleted",

"_shards" : {

"total" : 2,

"successful" : 1,

"failed" : 0

},

"_seq_no" : 2,

"_primary_term" : 3,

"status" : 200

}

}

]

}

```

通过上面的运行结果可知，更新与删除都成功了。