android monkey原理_Android 性能测试之 Monkey

这里简单说一下monkey的实现原理。

起步

当你执行adb shell monkey的时候，它到底干了什么。

monkey位于/system/bin目录下。内容为：

# Script to start "monkey" on the device, which has a very rudimentary

# shell.

#

base=/system

export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/monkey.jar

trap "" HUP

exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.monkey.Monkey $*

app_process是Android的系统启动进程,用于启动zygote和其他java进程:

if (zygote) {

runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);

} else if (className) {

runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);

}

更详细的内容，需要阅读android源码，这里不做详细扩展。

adb这里是runtime执行com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit来启动,位置在：

/system/framework/下面。有很多系统的包，其中有一个/system/framework/monkey.jar为monkey的所在包。

Application that injects random key events and other actions into the system.

下面，我们一步一步讲解一下：

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"

Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");

int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);

System.exit(resultCode);

}

看一下run具体方法：

monkey中注入系统事件是通过使用内部API来实现的(activemanger, windowmanger, packagemanger),其他方式(instrumentation)只能是二等公民。

private int run(String[] args) {

processOptions();//处理参数

loadPackageLists();//加载黑白名单，可测的有效包名

getSystemInterfaces();//获取系统接口，都是系统的隐藏接口。

//mAm = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();

//这里返回了一个ActivityManagerProxy对象,用来执行mangerservice接口。

//mWm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("window"));

//上面，获取了系统窗口服务

//mPm = IPackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));

getMainApps();//获取要执行的activity

mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,

mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);//产生一个随机事件

((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);

mEventSource.validate();//验证事件，并调整比例

mNetworkMonitor.start();//监听网络变化

crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();//monkey核心逻辑

}

我们看一下monkey的事件列表类：

public abstract class MonkeyEvent {

protected int eventType;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_KEY = 0;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH = 1;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TRACKBALL = 2;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ROTATION = 3; // Screen rotation

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ACTIVITY = 4;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_FLIP = 5; // Keyboard flip

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_THROTTLE = 6;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_PERMISSION = 7;

public static final int EVENT_TYPE_NOOP = 8;

public static final int INJECT_SUCCESS = 1;

public static final int INJECT_FAIL = 0;

// error code for remote exception during injection

public static final int INJECT_ERROR_REMOTE_EXCEPTION = -1;

// error code for security exception during injection

public static final int INJECT_ERROR_SECURITY_EXCEPTION = -2;

public MonkeyEvent(int type) {

eventType = type;

}

...

monkey有11种事件，在MonkeyEventSource中有事件的比例设置。

下面，我们来看monekey的核心执行逻辑；

while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {

//检查是否发生了ANR

if (mRequestAnrBugreport){

getBugreport("anr_" + mReportProcessName + "_");

mRequestAnrBugreport = false;

}

//检查系统watchdog是否报告bug

if (mRequestWatchdogBugreport) {

System.out.println("Print the watchdog report");

getBugreport("anr_watchdog_");

mRequestWatchdogBugreport = false;

}

//检查是否发生了CRASH

if (mRequestAppCrashBugreport){

getBugreport("app_crash" + mReportProcessName + "_");

mRequestAppCrashBugreport = false;

}

//检查bugreport报告生成

if (mRequestPeriodicBugreport){

getBugreport("Bugreport_");

mRequestPeriodicBugreport = false;

}

//报告系统信息，ANR时出发

if (mRequestDumpsysMemInfo) {

mRequestDumpsysMemInfo = false;

shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = true;

}

//获取下一个随机时间

MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();

//注入事件

int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);

}

回到之前的代码逻辑，这个mEventSource有三种来源：

//脚本模式

mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,

mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);

mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,

mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,

mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);

//网络模式，monkeyrunner的使用方式

mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);

//默认模式，一般都使用随机事件

mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,

mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);

好，我们这里展开说一下脚本模式怎么使用monkey.先写一个简单的monkey事件脚本文件:

/**

* monkey event queue. It takes a script to produce events sample script format:

*

*

* type= raw events

* count= 10

* speed= 1.0

* start data >>

* captureDispatchPointer(5109520,5109520,0,230.75429,458.1814,0.20784314,0.06666667,0,0.0,0.0,65539,0)

* captureDispatchKey(5113146,5113146,0,20,0,0,0,0)

* captureDispatchFlip(true)

* ...

*

*/

#我们以小米商城为例，进入商城，滑动到最下面

type= user

count= 49

speed= 1.0

start data >>

LaunchActivity(com.xiaomi.shop, com.xiaomi.shop.activity.MainTabActivity)

#wait for launch

UserWait(10000)

#drag to down

Drag(542,1326,542,560,15)

#wait for 500 milliseconds

UserWait(500)

#tap second tab

Tap(346,1868)

那这个脚本是怎么解析的呢？(这里不详细展开):

readHeader();//打开文件，读文件头，设置参数,文件头的结尾必须是：STARTING_DATA_LINE

当然，脚本中也可以不写文件头的。

readLines();

readNextBatch();

processLine();//处理每一行命令，加入事件队列中。命令包括：

```java

// event key word in the capture log

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POINTER = "DispatchPointer";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TRACKBALL = "DispatchTrackball";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ROTATION = "RotateScreen";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEY = "DispatchKey";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_FLIP = "DispatchFlip";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEYPRESS = "DispatchPress";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ACTIVITY = "LaunchActivity";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INSTRUMENTATION = "LaunchInstrumentation";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WAIT = "UserWait";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_LONGPRESS = "LongPress";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POWERLOG = "PowerLog";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WRITEPOWERLOG = "WriteLog";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_RUNCMD = "RunCmd";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TAP = "Tap";//点击,轻触

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PROFILE_WAIT = "ProfileWait";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DEVICE_WAKEUP = "DeviceWakeUp";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INPUT_STRING = "DispatchString";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PRESSANDHOLD = "PressAndHold"; //

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DRAG = "Drag"; //拖动

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PINCH_ZOOM = "PinchZoom";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "StartCaptureFramerate";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureFramerate";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE =

"StartCaptureAppFramerate";

private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureAppFramerate";

就是酱紫。执行一下我们的脚本(命令列表):

adb -s 8b52f091 push d:\script.txt /sdcard/data

monkey -f /sdcard/data/script.txt 1

你可以看到，我们滑动到了底部，然后打开了第二个TAB。当然，我们可以直接通过adb shell来执行上面的操作：

adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15

adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15

adb shell input tap 346 1868

这里使用的是input命令来执行。和monkey一样，input是一个脚本,执行的是/system/framework/input.jar:

$ cat /system/bin/input

# Script to start "input" on the device, which has a very rudimentary

# shell.

#

base=/system

export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/input.jar

exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.input.Input "$@"

回到monkey上去,上面说到

int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);

这个事件来源三类，我们现在看默认的随机事件(MonkeySourceRandom),它的getnextevent返回多种随机事件，这里以MonkeyMotionEvent为例进行说明

@Override

public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {

MotionEvent me = getEvent();

if ((verbose > 0 && !mIntermediateNote) || verbose > 1) {

StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(":Sending ");

msg.append(getTypeLabel()).append(" (");

switch (me.getActionMasked()) {

case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

msg.append("ACTION_DOWN");

break;

case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

msg.append("ACTION_MOVE");

break;

case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

msg.append("ACTION_UP");

break;

case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:

msg.append("ACTION_CANCEL");

break;

case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:

msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_DOWN ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));

break;

case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:

msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_UP ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));

break;

default:

msg.append(me.getAction());

break;

}

msg.append("):");

int pointerCount = me.getPointerCount();

for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {

msg.append(" ").append(me.getPointerId(i));

msg.append(":(").append(me.getX(i)).append(",").append(me.getY(i)).append(")");

}

System.out.println(msg.toString());

}

try {

//InputManager.getInstance返回input manager的实例

//Injects an input event into the event system on behalf of an application

//注入事件

if (!InputManager.getInstance().injectInputEvent(me,

InputManager.INJECT_INPUT_EVENT_MODE_WAIT_FOR_RESULT)) {

return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;

}

} finally {

me.recycle();

}

return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;

}

其他如MonkeyRotationEvent，使用iwm.freezeRotation(mRotationDegree);来实现旋转屏幕。

总结

monkey事件来源三种：默认随机事件、脚本定义事件、network网络事件；

monkey事件根据类型比例生成事件队列，循环查找事件;

monkey事件的实现使用系统内部API(activemanager,inputmanager,windowmanager)来实现；