linux创建目录硬链接,Linux为什么创建目录后,硬链接数是2

在一个目录下执行 ll

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ ll

total 8

drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 a

drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 b

-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 0 Jan 17 22:28 c

发现,a目录与b目录的硬链接数是2 ,而文件c的硬链接数是1

这是为什么呢?

发现:

在a目录下,创建一个目录,a的硬链接会加1

cd a ; mkdir d

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ tree

.

├── a

│ └── d

├── b

└── c

3 directories, 1 file

ll

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ ll

total 8

drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:29 a

drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 b

-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 0 Jan 17 22:28 c

再创建一个

cd a ; mkdir e

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ tree

.

├── a

│ ├── d

│ └── e

├── b

└── c

4 directories, 1 file

ll

total 8

drwxrwxr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:32 a

drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 b

-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 0 Jan 17 22:28 c

发现a的硬链接又增加1.

原因:

原来是因为目录中的 .. . 这两个目录

ls -la

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ ls -la

total 16

drwxrwxr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 .

drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 ..

drwxrwxr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:32 a

drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 17 22:28 b

-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 0 Jan 17 22:28 c

每创建一个目录,就会在创建的目录下默认新增..上级目录的硬链接和.当前目录的硬链接

使用stat命令查看文件的信息,我们发现:

stat a

[hadoop@hadoop0 test]$ stat a

File: ‘a’

Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory

Device: fd02h/64770d Inode: 135810 Links: 4

Access: (0775/drwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1001/ hadoop) Gid: ( 1001/ hadoop)

Context: unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0

Access: 2018-01-17 22:32:03.796604932 +0800

Modify: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Change: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Birth: -

a 的Inode 为 135810

进入a目录cd a

执行 stat .

[hadoop@hadoop0 a]$ stat .

File: ‘.’

Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory

Device: fd02h/64770d Inode: 135810 Links: 4

Access: (0775/drwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1001/ hadoop) Gid: ( 1001/ hadoop)

Context: unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0

Access: 2018-01-17 22:32:03.796604932 +0800

Modify: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Change: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Birth: -

.目录的Inode也是135810

我们再进入d目录 (a的子目录),使用stat

[hadoop@hadoop0 d]$ stat ..

File: ‘..’

Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory

Device: fd02h/64770d Inode: 135810 Links: 4

Access: (0775/drwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1001/ hadoop) Gid: ( 1001/ hadoop)

Context: unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0

Access: 2018-01-17 22:32:03.796604932 +0800

Modify: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Change: 2018-01-17 22:32:01.830052167 +0800

Birth: -

发现a的子目录d中的..目录的Inode和a目录的Inode以及 a目录中的.目录的Inode相同.

这就是为什么创建一个目录,一开始硬链接数为2( 创建的目录名和目录中的. ,并且新创建一个目录,父目录的硬链接会加1 (子目录中的..)