linux第二章基础题,Linux基础练习题（二）

系统版本:

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

1. 复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限

[[email protected] ~]# cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1

#注意：事先无需创建/home/tuser1目录，否则这条命令会变成复制/etc/skel目录到/home/tuser1目录下

`/etc/skel/‘ -> `/home/tuser1‘

`/etc/skel/.bash_logout‘ -> `/home/tuser1/.bash_logout‘

`/etc/skel/.bashrc‘ -> `/home/tuser1/.bashrc‘

`/etc/skel/.bash_profile‘ -> `/home/tuser1/.bash_profile‘

[[email protected] ~]# chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1

[[email protected] ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1/

total 20

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jul 3 17:03 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 3 17:03 ..

-rw-------. 1 root root 18 Jul 3 17:03 .bash_logout

-rw-------. 1 root root 176 Jul 3 17:03 .bash_profile

-rw-------. 1 root root 124 Jul 3 17:03 .bashrc

2. 编辑/etc/group文件，添加组hadoop

[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘777‘ /etc/group

#这里没有grep到任何内容，表示“777”这个组ID没有被占用；#注意：在centos6中系统组ID的范围是1-499，登录组是500-60000

[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘hadoop:x:777:‘ >> /etc/group

[[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/group

hadoop:x:777:

3. 手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用户hadoop，其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号；其家目录为/home/hadoop

[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘777‘ /etc/passwd

#首先还是要确认“777”这个UID有没有被占用，没有grep到，表示没有被占用；#在centos6中，登录用户的UID范围和登录组GID范围一样是500-60000

[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘hadoop:x:777:777::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash‘ >> /etc/passwd

[[email protected] ~]# tail -2 /etc/passwd

fedora:x:500:500::/home/fedora:/bin/bash

hadoop:x:777:777::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash

4. 复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限

[[email protected] ~]# cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop

`/etc/skel/‘ -> `/home/hadoop‘

`/etc/skel/.bash_profile‘ -> `/home/hadoop/.bash_profile‘

`/etc/skel/.bash_logout‘ -> `/home/hadoop/.bash_logout‘

`/etc/skel/.bashrc‘ -> `/home/hadoop/.bashrc‘

[[email protected] ~]# chmod go= /home/hadoop/

[[email protected] ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 13:55 /home/hadoop/

5. 修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop，属组为hadoop

[[email protected] ~]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/

[[email protected] ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop/

total 20

drwx------. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 4 13:55 .

drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Jul 4 13:55 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Jul 4 13:55 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 176 Jul 4 13:55 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 124 Jul 4 13:55 .bashrc

6. 显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行；用两种方式

[[email protected] ~]# grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo

SwapCached: 0 kB

SwapTotal: 2031612 kB

SwapFree: 2031612 kB

Shmem: 188 kB

Slab: 69812 kB

SReclaimable: 10648 kB

SUnreclaim: 59164 kB

或 [[email protected] ~]# grep "^[Ss]" /proc/meminfo

或 [[email protected] ~]# grep "^\(S\|s\)" /proc/meminfo

或 [[email protected] ~]# grep -E "^(S|s)" /proc/meminfo

7. 显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户

[[email protected] ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

root

sync

shutdown

halt

centos

fedora

archlinux

hadoop

8. 显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户

[[email protected] ~]# grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

root

centos

fedora

archlinux

hadoop

9. 找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数

[[email protected] ~]# grep "\" /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

或 grep "\" /etc/passwd

10. 显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行

[[email protected] ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub/grub.conf

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/

mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swapSYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet

initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img

或 [[email protected] ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\{1,\}" /boot/grub/grub.conf

11. 显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头，后面跟至少一个空白字符，而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行

[[email protected] ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time

# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg‘s bcheckrc.

# Check SELinux status

# Print a text banner.

# Only read this once.

# Initialize hardware

# Set default affinity

# Load other user-defined modules

# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)

....

12. netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’，后或跟空白字符结尾的行

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN

13. 用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin)，而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息

[[email protected] ~]# grep "^\([^:]\+\>\).*\1$" /etc/passwd

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

bash:x:778:778::/home/bash:/bin/bash

nologin:x:781:781::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin