Android源码学习——linker（2）

本文学习的源码参考AndroidXRef，版本为Lollipop 5.1.0_r1。

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上一部分讲到do_dlopen里面，调用了find_library(name, flags, extinfo)去加载so库，最终返回一个soinfo的指针，我们看下这个过程里面做了什么：

static soinfo* find_library(const char* name, int dlflags, const android_dlextinfo* extinfo) {
  if (name == nullptr) {
    somain->ref_count++;
    return somain;
  }

  soinfo* si;

  if (!find_libraries(&name, 1, &si, nullptr, 0, dlflags, extinfo)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  return si;
}

调了find_libraries，继续看这个函数：

static bool find_libraries(const char* const library_names[], size_t library_names_size, soinfo* soinfos[],
    soinfo* ld_preloads[], size_t ld_preloads_size, int dlflags, const android_dlextinfo* extinfo) {
  // Step 0: prepare.
  LoadTaskList load_tasks;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < library_names_size; ++i) {
    const char* name = library_names[i];
    load_tasks.push_back(LoadTask::create(name, nullptr));
  }

  // Libraries added to this list in reverse order so that we can
  // start linking from bottom-up - see step 2.
  SoinfoLinkedList found_libs;
  size_t soinfos_size = 0;

  auto failure_guard = make_scope_guard([&]() {
    // Housekeeping
    load_tasks.for_each([] (LoadTask* t) {
      LoadTask::deleter(t);
    });

    for (size_t i = 0; i<soinfos_size; ++i) {
      soinfo_unload(soinfos[i]);
    }
  });

  // Step 1: load and pre-link all DT_NEEDED libraries in breadth first order.
  for (LoadTask::unique_ptr task(load_tasks.pop_front()); task.get() != nullptr; task.reset(load_tasks.pop_front())) {
    soinfo* si = find_library_internal(load_tasks, task->get_name(), dlflags, extinfo);
    if (si == nullptr) {
      return false;
    }

    soinfo* needed_by = task->get_needed_by();

    if (is_recursive(si, needed_by)) {
      return false;
    }

    si->ref_count++;
    if (needed_by != nullptr) {
      needed_by->add_child(si);
    }
    found_libs.push_front(si);

    // When ld_preloads is not null first
    // ld_preloads_size libs are in fact ld_preloads.
    if (ld_preloads != nullptr && soinfos_size < ld_preloads_size) {
      ld_preloads[soinfos_size] = si;
    }

    if (soinfos_size<library_names_size) {
      soinfos[soinfos_size++] = si;
    }
  }

  // Step 2: link libraries.
  soinfo* si;
  while ((si = found_libs.pop_front()) != nullptr) {
    if ((si->flags & FLAG_LINKED) == 0) {
      if (!si->LinkImage(extinfo)) {
        return false;
      }
      si->flags |= FLAG_LINKED;
    }
  }

  // All is well - found_libs and load_tasks are empty at this point
  // and all libs are successfully linked.
  failure_guard.disable();
  return true;
}

也是分了好几步来完成的：
Step 0：预处理工作。主要是为了加载多个so，建立一个load_tasks，需要注意的是，so的加载顺序要符合依赖关系；
Step 1：加载so并且预链接依赖库。对于load_tasks里面的每一个对象，会去调用find_library_internal(load_tasks, task->get_name(), dlflags, extinfo)加载so，然后去检查依赖so，并压栈到found_libs里面（这里不太懂，好像跟我之前看的4.4版本的不太一样）；
Step 2：so的链接。调用si->LinkImage(extinfo)完成对so的链接。

首先find_library_internal这个函数吧：

static soinfo* find_library_internal(LoadTaskList& load_tasks, const char* name, int dlflags, const android_dlextinfo* extinfo) {

  soinfo* si = find_loaded_library_by_name(name);

  // Library might still be loaded, the accurate detection
  // of this fact is done by load_library.
  if (si == nullptr) {
    TRACE("[ '%s' has not been found by name.  Trying harder...]", name);
    si = load_library(load_tasks, name, dlflags, extinfo);
  }

  return si;
}

先去find_loaded_library_by_name(name)查找so库是否被加载，如果已经被加载那么直接返回soinfo指针就可以了；否则会去调load_library(load_tasks, name, dlflags, extinfo)加载so。

看一下so加载的具体过程：

static soinfo* load_library(LoadTaskList& load_tasks, const char* name, int dlflags, const android_dlextinfo* extinfo) {
  int fd = -1;
  off64_t file_offset = 0;
  ScopedFd file_guard(-1);

  if (extinfo != nullptr && (extinfo->flags & ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_LIBRARY_FD) != 0) {
    fd = extinfo->library_fd;
    if ((extinfo->flags & ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_LIBRARY_FD_OFFSET) != 0) {
      file_offset = extinfo->library_fd_offset;
    }
  } else {
    // Open the file.
    fd = open_library(name);
    if (fd == -1) {
      DL_ERR("library \"%s\" not found", name);
      return nullptr;
    }

    file_guard.reset(fd);
  }

  if ((file_offset % PAGE_SIZE) != 0) {
    DL_ERR("file offset for the library \"%s\" is not page-aligned: %" PRId64, name, file_offset);
    return nullptr;
  }

  struct stat file_stat;
  if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fstat(fd, &file_stat)) != 0) {
    DL_ERR("unable to stat file for the library \"%s\": %s", name, strerror(errno));
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Check for symlink and other situations where
  // file can have different names.
  for (soinfo* si = solist; si != nullptr; si = si->next) {
    if (si->get_st_dev() != 0 &&
        si->get_st_ino() != 0 &&
        si->get_st_dev() == file_stat.st_dev &&
        si->get_st_ino() == file_stat.st_ino &&
        si->get_file_offset() == file_offset) {
      TRACE("library \"%s\" is already loaded under different name/path \"%s\" - will return existing soinfo", name, si->name);
      return si;
    }
  }

  if ((dlflags & RTLD_NOLOAD) != 0) {
    DL_ERR("library \"%s\" wasn't loaded and RTLD_NOLOAD prevented it", name);
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Read the ELF header and load the segments.
  ElfReader elf_reader(name, fd, file_offset);
  if (!elf_reader.Load(extinfo)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  soinfo* si = soinfo_alloc(SEARCH_NAME(name), &file_stat, file_offset);
  if (si == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  si->base = elf_reader.load_start();
  si->size = elf_reader.load_size();
  si->load_bias = elf_reader.load_bias();
  si->phnum = elf_reader.phdr_count();
  si->phdr = elf_reader.loaded_phdr();

  if (!si->PrelinkImage()) {
    soinfo_free(si);
    return nullptr;
  }

  for_each_dt_needed(si, [&] (const char* name) {
    load_tasks.push_back(LoadTask::create(name, si));
  });

  return si;
}

稍微有点长，但是逻辑还算清晰，还是分步来讲：
首先，open_library(name)打开so文件，返回一个文件句柄；
然后，创建一个ElfReader对象，调用这个对象的Load方法去加载so里面的段；
接下来，调用soinfo_alloc为soinfo分配结构，并且基于装载结果为si的成员变量赋值；
最后，怎么多了一个si->PrelinkImage()？？？（暂且不管，慢慢看吧）

大致过程清楚了，find_library包含了so的加载和链接过程，其中，又通过ElfReader对象的Load方法去完成加载，加载完成后会构造一个soinfo的结构体指针，然后调用这个结构体的PrelinkImage和LinkImage方法来完成链接。

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