sounds speech_Speech Sounds 讲义

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Speech Sounds

讲义

Chapter

Two

Speech

Sounds

--------Phonetics

and

Phonology

Part

One

Phonetics

1.

Phonetics is the study of sounds, which occur in the world s

language. It studies the characteristics of speech sounds. 2.

Speech

organs

are

the

human

body

involved

in

the

production

of

speech,

including

the

lungs,

the

trachea,

the

throat,

the

nose

and the The pharynx, mouth, and nose form the three cavities

of the vocal tract(

声道

). 3. Divergence means the English

spelling

does

not

represent its

pronunciation.

Why?

Reasons:1

Different letters may represent the same sound; 2 A single

letter may represent different sounds. 3 Some letters do not

represent any sound at all. 4. IPA( International Phonetic

Alphabet) is a standard set of symbols for transcribing the

sounds

of

any

world

s

language.P29

5.

Consonants

and

Vowels

In

describing

sounds,

a

basic

distinction

is

made

between

consonants

and

vowels.

1

There

is

an

obstruction

of

airstream

at

some

point

of

the

vocal

tract

in

producing

consonants

2

Consonants

can

be

studied

from

two

angles(

aspects),

Manner

of

Articulation

and

Place

of

Articulation. According to the manner of articulation(

发音方