python实现单例模式的几种方式_python单例模式的三种实现方式

__new__特殊方法实现

class Singleton:

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls)

return cls._instance

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

s1 = Singleton('first')

s2= Singleton('last')

print(s1 == s2)

>> True

print(s1.name)

>> last

tips: __new__方法无法避免触发init()，初始的成员变量会进行覆盖

装饰器实现

def singleton(cls):

_instance = {}

def inner(*args, **kwargs):

if cls not in _instance:

_instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)

return _instance[cls]

return inner

@singleton

class Test:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

t1 = Test('first')

t2 = Test('last')

print(t1==t2)

>> True

print(t2.name)

>> first