Document Id: 26928Synopsis: du and df Differences (originally published 8/91)Update date: 2001-05-13Description: du and df Differences-- --- -- -----------This article explains how reporting disk usage du and reporting free disk spaceon file systems df may show different numbers.du--The du user command gives the number of kilobytes contained in all files and,recursively, directories within each specified directory or file (filename).If filename is missing, `.' (the current directory) is used. A file whichhas multiple links to it is only counted once.EXAMPLE:system % du5 ./jokes33 ./squash44 ./tech.papers/lpr.document217 ./tech.papers/new.manager401 ./tech.papers144 ./memos80 ./letters388 ./window93 ./messages15 ./useful.news1211 .Note that the last number, 1211 is the grand total (in kilobytes) for thedirectory.df--The df user command displays the following information:amount of disk space occupied by currently mounted file systemsthe amount of used and available spacehow much of the file system's total capacity has been usedUsed without arguments, df reports on all mounted file systems.EXAMPLE:system % dfFilesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on/dev/ip0a 7445 4714 1986 70% //dev/ip0g 42277 35291 2758 93% /usrNote: used plus avail is less than the amount of space in the file system(kilobytes) because the system reserves a fraction of the space in the filesystem to allow its allocation routines to work well. The amount reserved istypically about 10%. (This may be adjusted using the tunefs command. Refer tothe man pages on tunefs( for more information.) When all the space on a filesystem, except for this reserve, is in use, only the super-user can allocatenew files and data blocks to existing files. This, however, may cause the filesystem to be over allocated. When a file system is over allocated in this way,df may report that the file system is more than 100% utilized.If arguments to df are disk partitions (for example, /dev/ip0as or path names),df produces a report on the file system containing the named file. Thus, dfshows the amount of space on the file system containing the current directory.Problem Definition------- ----------This section gives the technical explanation of why du and df sometimes reportdifferent totals of disk space usage.When a program that is running in the background writes to a file while theprocess is running, the file to which this process is writing is deleted.Running df and du shows a discrepancy in the amount of disk space usage.Thedf command shows a higher value.Explanation Summary----------- -------When you open a file, you get a pointer. Subsequent writes to this filereferences this file pointer.The write call does not check to see if the fileis there or not. It just writes to the specified number of characters startingat a predetermined location. Regardless of whether the file exist or not, diskblocks are used by the write operation.The df command reports the number of disk blocks used while du goes through thefile structure and and reports the number of blocks used by each directory. Asfar as du is concerned, the file used by the process does not exist, so it doesnot report blocks used by this phantom file. But df keeps track of disk blocksused, and it reports the blocks used by this phantom file.
python 文件描述符 inode_为什么df和du所查看到的已使用的磁盘容量不同?
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