Apache Shiro是Java的一个安全(权限)框架。
shiro可以完成:认证、授权、加密、会话管理、缓存与Web集成等。
shiro有十个功能:
Authentication
:身份认证/登录
,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份,密码匹配由shiro来完成;Authorization
:授权,即权限验证
,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限;即判断用户是否能做事情,常见的如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色。或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限;Session Manager
:会话管理
,即用户登录后就是一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通JavaSE环境的,也可以是如Web环境的;Cryptography
:加密
,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库,而不是明文存储;Web Support
:Web支持
,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;Caching
:缓存
,比如用户登录后,其用户信息、拥有的角色/权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率;Concurrency
:shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证
,即如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动传播过去;Testing
:提供测试
支持;Run As
:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户
(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问
;Remember Me
:记住我
,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了。
shiro运行流程:
- Subject :当前用户的操作
- SecurityManager:用于管理所有的Subject
- Realms:用于进行权限信息的验证
Shiro 架构:
Subject
:应用代码直接交互的对象是 Subject
,也就是说 Shiro 的对外 API 核心就是 Subject。Subject 代表了当前“用户”
, 这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是 Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等;与 Subject 的所有交互都会委托给 SecurityManager; Subject 其实是一个门面,SecurityManager 才是实际的执行者
;SecurityManager
: 安全管理器;即所有与安全有关的操作都会与 SecurityManager 交互
;且其管理着所有 Subject;可以看出它是Shiro 的核心
,它负责与 Shiro 的其他组件进行交互
,它相当于 SpringMVC 中 DispatcherServlet 的角色
;Realm
: Shiro从 Realm 获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限)
,就是说 SecurityManager 要验证用户身份,那么它需要从 Realm 获取相应的用户 进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;也需要从 Realm 得到用户相应的角色/ 权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作;可以把 Realm 看成 DataSource
其他组件:
Authentication 和 Authorization
在shiro的用户权限认证过程中其通过两个方法来实现:
- Authentication:是验证用户身份的过程。
- Authorization:是授权访问控制,用于对用户进行的操作进行人证授权,证明该用户是否允许进行当前操作,如访问某个链接,某个资源文件等。
除了以上几个组件外,Shiro还有几个其他组件:
- SessionManager :Shiro为任何应用提供了一个会话编程范式。
- CacheManager :对Shiro的其他组件提供缓存支持。
Shiro工作流程
也就是说对于我们而言,最简单的一个Shiro应用:
- 应用代码通过Subject来进行认证和授权,而Subject又委托给SecurityManager;
- 我们需要给Shiro的SecurityManager注入Realm,从而让SecurityManager能得到合法的用户及其权限进行判断。
------------------------------------分界线------------------------------------
为什么要使用MD5盐值加密?
因为出现两个人或多个以上的原始密码是一样的时候,经过盐值加密就会不一样的密码,更加安全 。
如何做到:
- 需要使用SimpleAuthenticationInfo(principal, credentials,credentialsSalt, realmName);构造器。
- 使用
ByteSource credentialsSalt = ByteSource.Util.bytes(userID);
来计算盐值。 - 盐值需要唯一:一般使用随机字符串或者userID。
使用Object result = new SimpleHash(“MD5/SHA1”, 密码, 盐值, 加密次数);
来计算盐值加密的密码值。
入门Demo:
项目目录结构:
Quickstart.java
快速入门文件:
package com.king.shiro.helloworld;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 通过创建一个工厂代理对象来加载 shiro.ini 文件
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
// 将这个工厂代理对象实例化得到 SecurityManager 安全管理器对象
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// 将 SecurityManager 添加到系统
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 获取当前的 Subject 用户对象. 调用 SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 测试使用 Session
// 获取 Session: Subject#getSession()
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("---> Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证. 即是否已经登录.
// 调动 Subject 的 isAuthenticated()
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
// 把用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken 对象
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
// rememberme 记住我
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
// 执行登录.
currentUser.login(token);
}
// 若没有指定的账户, 则 shiro 将会抛出 UnknownAccountException 异常.
catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("----> There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
return;
}
// 若账户存在, 但密码不匹配, 则 shiro 会抛出 IncorrectCredentialsException 异常。
catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("----> Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
return;
}
// 用户被锁定的异常 LockedAccountException
catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
// 所有认证时异常的父类.
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
// 打印用户名
log.info("----> User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
// 测试是否有某一个角色. 调用 Subject 的 hasRole 方法.
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("----> May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("----> Hello, mere mortal.");
return;
}
// 测试用户是否具备某一个行为. 调用 Subject 的 isPermitted() 方法。
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
log.info("----> You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
// 测试用户是否具备某一个权限. (判断张三这个用户是否有删除权限)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("user:delete:zhangsan")) {
log.info("----> You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
// 打印当前用户是否已通过身份验证(已登录),布尔类型:true 已验证;false 未验证
System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());
// 执行登出. 调用 Subject 的 Logout() 方法.
currentUser.logout();
System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());
System.exit(0);
}
}
shiro.ini
配置文件:
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
# =============================================================================
# Quickstart INI Realm configuration
#
# For those that might not understand the references in this file, the
# definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;)
# =============================================================================
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Users and their assigned roles
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 提供了对用户/密码及其角色的配置,用户名=密码,角色1,角色2 比如:username=password,role1,role2
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 提供了角色及权限之间关系的配置,角色=权限1,权限2 比如:role1 = permission1 , permission2
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'delete' (action) the user (type) with
# license plate 'zhangsan' (instance specific id)
goodguy = user:delete:zhangsan
log4j.properties
日志配置文件:
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=TRACE
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN