mysql 8存储过程_mysql8学习笔记18--存储过程和函数

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 11:48:58 发布

任道飞

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 11:48:58 发布

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文章标签： mysql 8存储过程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35110330/article/details/113423008

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• create procedure用来创建存储过程，create function用来创建函数

• 函数与存储过程最大的区别就是函数调用有返回值，调用存储过程用call语句，而调用函数就直接引用函数名+参数即可

• Definer和sql security子句指定安全环境

• Definder是MySQL的特殊的访问控制手段，当数据库当前没有这个用户权限时，执行存储过程可能会报错

• sql secuirty的值决定了调用存储过程的方式，取值：definer(默认)或者invoker definer:在执行存储过程前验证definer对应的用户如：cdq@127.0.0.1是否存在，以及是否具有执行存储过程的权限，若没有则报错invoker:在执行存储过程时判断inovker即调用该存储过程的用户是否有相应权限，若没有则报错

• IN,OUT,INOUT三个参数前的关键词只适用于存储过程，对函数而言所有的参数默认都是输入参数

• IN输入参数用于把数值传入到存储过程中；OUT输出参数将数值传递到调用者，初始值是NULL；INOUT输入输出参数把数据传入到存储过程，在存储过程中修改之后再传递到调用者

• Delimiter命令是改变语句的结束符，MySQL默认的结束符为;号，由于procedure和function中的;号并不代表创建的结束，所以要替换成另外的结束符以便表示创建的结束

• Rontine_body子句可以包含一个简单的SQL语句，也可以包含多个SQL语句，通过begin…end将这多个SQL语句包含在一起

• MySQL存储过程和函数中也可以包含类似create和drop等DDL语句

• Comment子句用来写入对存储过程和函数的注释

• Language子句用来表示此存储过程和函数的创建语言

• 存储过程和函数被标注为deterministic表明当输入相同的参数是会返回相同的结果，反之如果是not deterministic则表示相同参数不会是相同结果，默认是not deterministic

• 相关属性短语只有咨询含义，并不是强制性的约束

• Contains sql表明此存储过程或函数不包含读或者写数据的语句，这是默认属性

• NO SQL表示此存储过程或函数不包含SQL语句

• Reads sql data表示此存储过程包含诸如select的查询数据的语句，但不包含插入或删除数据的语句

• Modifies sql data表示此存储过程包含插入或删除数据的语句

• Drop procedure/function语句用来删除指定名称的存储过程或函数

• If exists关键词用来避免在删除一个本身不存在的存储过程或函数时，MySQL返回错误

• Begin…end语句通常出现在存储过程、函数和触发器中，其中可以包含一个或多个语句，每个语句用;号隔开

创建存储过程：

/*在创建之前如果存在同名存储过程，则删除*/drop PROCEDUREifEXISTS create_student;/*修改分分隔符为;;*/delimiter ;;

create PROCEDURE create_student (OUT new_stuid INT,IN new_name VARCHAR(10),IN birth date,IN addr VARCHAR(50),IN gender VARCHAR(10),IN sub_jct VARCHAR(10))

BEGIN/*为new_stuid声明变量*/DECLARE new_stuidint;

DECLARE stu_sexint;selectmax(stuid) into new_stuid from tb_student2;

set new_stuid= new_stuid +1;casestu_sex

WHEN gender='男生' THEN SET stu_sex=0;

WHEN gender='女生' THEN SET stu_sex=1;else set stu_sex=2;

ENDcase;/*插入数据到tb_student2*/insert INTO tb_student2(stuid,stuname,stusex,stubirth,stuaddr,collid) VALUES(new_stuid,new_name,stu_sex,birth,addr,2);

END;;

delimiter ;

调用存储过程：

mysql> call create_student(@new_stuid,"王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机');

Query OK,1 row affected (0.08sec)

mysql> select@new_stuid;+------------+

| @new_stuid |

+------------+

| NULL |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select *from tb_student2;+-------+--------------+--------+------------+--------------+--------+

+-------+--------------+--------+------------+--------------+--------+

| 1001 | 张三 | 0 | 1990-03-04 | ABCabc | 1 |

| 1002 | 季墨 | 0 | 1992-02-02 | 湖南长沙 | 1 |

| 1033 | 王语嫣 | 1 | 1989-12-03 | 四川成都 | 1 |

| 1378 | 纪嫣然 | 1 | 1995-08-12 | 四川绵阳 | 1 |

| 1572 | 张子文 | 0 | 1993-07-19 | 陕西咸阳 | 1 |

| 1954 | 张学友 | 0 | 1994-09-20 | 福建莆田 | 1 |

| 2035 | 东方不败 | NULL | 1988-06-30 | NULL | 2 |

| 3011 | 金大牙 | 0 | 1985-12-12 | 福建莆田 | 3 |

| 3755 | 猪脚 | 0 | 1993-01-25 | NULL | 3 |

| 3923 | 杨不悔 | 1 | 1985-04-17 | 四川成都 | 3 |

| 3924 | 王超人 | 2 | 1999-03-04 | 广东深圳 | 2 |

| 3925 | 王超人2 | 2 | 1999-03-04 | 广东深圳 | 2 |

+-------+--------------+--------+------------+--------------+--------+

12 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>

把上面的例子改造成函数

/*在创建之前如果存在同名函数，则删除*/drop FUNCTIONifEXISTS create_student_function;/*修改分分隔符为;;*/delimiter ;;

create FUNCTION create_student_function (new_name VARCHAR(10),birth date,addr VARCHAR(50),gender VARCHAR(10),sub_jct VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS INT

BEGIN/*为new_stuid声明变量*/DECLARE new_stuidint;

DECLARE stu_sexint;selectmax(stuid) into new_stuid from tb_student2;

set new_stuid= new_stuid +1;casestu_sex

WHEN gender='男生' THEN SET stu_sex=0;

WHEN gender='女生' THEN SET stu_sex=1;else set stu_sex=2;

ENDcase;/*插入数据到tb_student2*/insert INTO tb_student2(stuid,stuname,stusex,stubirth,stuaddr,collid) VALUES(new_stuid,new_name,stu_sex,birth,addr,2);

RETURN new_stuid;

END;;

delimiter ;

调用函数

mysql> select create_student("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机');

ERROR1305 (42000): FUNCTION school.create_student does not exist

mysql> select create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机');+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机') |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| 3926 |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set, 8 warnings (0.09sec)

mysql> select create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机');+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机') |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| 3927 |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.06sec)

mysql> select create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机');+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| create_student_function("王超人",'1999-03-04','广东深圳','男生','计算机') |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| 3928 |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.05sec)

mysql>

查看所有存储例程：

mysql> show procedure status like '%create_student%';+--------+----------------+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+--------+----------------+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+--------+----------------+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> show function status like '%create%';+--------+-------------------------+----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+--------+-------------------------+----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+--------+-------------------------+----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.01sec)

mysql>

查看存储例程创建语句

mysql>show create procedure create_student;+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

| create_student | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` PROCEDURE `create_student`(OUT new_stuid INT,IN new_name VARCHAR(10),IN birth date,IN addr VARCHAR(50),IN gender VARCHAR(10),IN sub_jct VARCHAR(10))

BEGIN/*为new_stuid声明变量*/DECLARE new_stuidint;

DECLARE stu_sexint;selectmax(stuid) into new_stuid from tb_student2;

set new_stuid= new_stuid +1;casestu_sex

WHEN gender='男生' THEN SET stu_sex=0;

WHEN gender='女生' THEN SET stu_sex=1;else set stu_sex=2;

ENDcase;/*插入数据到tb_student2*/insert INTO tb_student2(stuid,stuname,stusex,stubirth,stuaddr,collid) VALUES(new_stuid,new_name,stu_sex,birth,addr,2);

END| utf8 | utf8_general_ci | utf8_bin |

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> show create functioncreate_student_function;+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

| create_student_function | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` FUNCTION `create_student_function`(new_name VARCHAR(10),birth date,addr VARCHAR(50),gender VARCHAR(10),sub_jct VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS int(11)

BEGIN/*为new_stuid声明变量*/DECLARE new_stuidint;

DECLARE stu_sexint;selectmax(stuid) into new_stuid from tb_student2;

set new_stuid= new_stuid +1;casestu_sex

WHEN gender='男生' THEN SET stu_sex=0;

WHEN gender='女生' THEN SET stu_sex=1;else set stu_sex=2;

ENDcase;/*插入数据到tb_student2*/insert INTO tb_student2(stuid,stuname,stusex,stubirth,stuaddr,collid) VALUES(new_stuid,new_name,stu_sex,birth,addr,2);

RETURN new_stuid;

END| utf8 | utf8_general_ci | utf8_bin |

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>

存储例程删除

mysql> drop functioncreate_student_function;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.02sec)

mysql> show function status like '%create%';

Empty set (0.00sec)

mysql>drop procedure create_student;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.03sec)

mysql> show procedure status like '%create_student%';

Empty set (0.00sec)

mysql>

• 标签label可以加在begin…end语句以及loop, repeat和while语句

• 语句中通过iterate和leave来控制流程，iterate表示返回指定标签位置，leave表示跳出标签

使用label标签

drop PROCEDURE ifEXISTS test_procedure;

delimiter//CREATE procedure test_procedure(in p1 int,out p2 int)

BEGIN

label1:LOOP

set p1= p1 + 1;if p1 < 10 then ITERATE label1;END if;

LEAVE label1;

END LOOP label1;

set p2=p1;

END;//

调试下：

mysql> call test_procedure(5,@p2);

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql> select@p2;+------+

| @p2 |

+------+

| 10 |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>

Declare语句

• Declare语句通常用来声明本地变量、游标、条件或者handler

• Declare语句只允许出现在begin … end语句中而且必须出现在第一行

• Declare的顺序也有要求，通常是先声明本地变量，再是游标，然后是条件和handler

存储过程中的变量

• 本地变量可以通过declare语句进行声明

• 声明后的变量可以通过select … into var_list进行赋值，或者通过set语句赋值，或者通过定义游标并使用fetch … into var_list赋值

• 通过declare声明变量方法

• 使用default指定变量的默认值，如果没有指定默认值则初始值为NULL

• Type指明该变量的数据类型

• 声明的变量作用范围为被声明的begin … end语句块之间

• 声明的变量和被引用的数据表中的字段名要区分开来

变量声明在上面的例子里用到了，游标后面学到再写。

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mysql 8存储过程_mysql8学习笔记18--存储过程和函数

•create procedure用来创建存储过程，create function用来创建函数• 函数与存储过程最大的区别就是函数调用有返回值，调用存储过程用call语句，而调用函数就直接引用函数名+参数即可• Definer和sql security子句指定安全环境• Definder是MySQL的特殊的访问控制手段，当数据库当前没有这个用户权限时，执行存储过程可能会报错• sql secui...
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