mysql 对表情进行编码_mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】

本文实例分析了mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符，但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据，而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据，Java程序中将报SQL异常：

java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x92\x94' for column 'name' at row 1

at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)

at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593)

at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525)

at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986)

at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140)

at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620)

at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662)

at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)

可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储，然后取出来的时候，再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符的地方都要进行编码与解码。

utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集，兼容utf8，并且能存储4字节的表情字符。

采用utf8mb4编码的好处是：存储与获取数据的时候，不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。

更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:

1. MySQL的版本

utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+，若不是，请升级到较新版本。

2. MySQL驱动

5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13

3.修改MySQL配置文件

修改mysql配置文件my.cnf(windows为my.ini)

my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容：

[client]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

4. 重启数据库，检查变量

SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';

Variable_name

Value

character_set_client

utf8mb4

character_set_connection

utf8mb4

character_set_database

utf8mb4

character_set_filesystem

binary

character_set_results

utf8mb4

character_set_server

utf8mb4

character_set_system

utf8

collation_connection

utf8mb4_unicode_ci

collation_database

utf8mb4_unicode_ci

collation_server

utf8mb4_unicode_ci

collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。

但必须保证

系统变量

描述

character_set_client

(客户端来源数据使用的字符集)

character_set_connection

(连接层字符集)

character_set_database

(当前选中数据库的默认字符集)

character_set_results

(查询结果字符集)

character_set_server

(默认的内部操作字符集)

这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。

5. 数据库连接的配置

数据库连接参数中:

characterEncoding=utf8会被自动识别为utf8mb4，也可以不加这个参数，会自动检测。

而autoReconnect=true是必须加上的。

6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4

更改数据库编码：

ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

更改表编码：

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATEutf8mb4_general_ci;

如有必要，还可以更改列的编码

7、在第3步设置character_set_database，character_set_server不成功的可以试下直接在mysql.exe下

set @@character_set_server='utf8mb4';

set @@character_set_database='utf8mb4';

这下数据库就可以存下emoji表情的编码了。

附上我的my.ini

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[client]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

希望本文所述对大家MySQL数据库计有所帮助。