C++ vector::push_back和Java List.add的区别
对象赋值
C++和Java在对象赋值方面区别较大,归根到底,还是因为C++和Java中对象存储和引用方式不同。C++中静态建立(即Obj obj)的对象的内容(类属性)是存储在栈上的,变量obj直接持有对象本身;Java中建立的对象(Obj obj = new Obj())的内容(类属性)是存储在堆上的,位于栈上的变量obj只是持有对象的引用。对于C++而言,对象赋值obj1=obj0会把obj0对象的属性(即在obj0的栈空间的内容)复制到obj1的栈空间,因此obj1和obj0是两个不同的对象,互不影响;对于Java而言,对象赋值obj1=obj0只是把栈上obj0所指向对象的引用赋值给obj1,obj1和obj0是堆上同一个对象的两个引用,因此obj1和obj0对对象的操作会互相影响。
下面用一个例子来说明这个区别。 【C++版】 源文件: objectAssign.cpp
#include
using namespace std;
class Data {
private:
int _data;
public:
Data(int data): _data(data) {}
void printData() {
cout << _data << endl;
}
void set(int data) {
_data = data;
}
};
int main() {
Data data0(0);
Data data1(1);
data1 = data0;
data1.set(2);
data0.printData();
data1.printData();
}
编译:
g++ -o objectAssign.out objectAssign.cpp
运行:
./objectAssign.out
输出:
0 # data0
2 # data2
【Java版】 源文件: ObjectAssign.java
public class ObjectAssign {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data0 = new Data(0);
Data data1 = new Data(1);
data1 = data0;
data1.set(2);
data0.printData();
data1.printData();
}
}
class Data {
private int data;
public Data(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
public void printData() {
System.out.println(data);
}
public void set(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
编译:
javac ObjectAssign.java
运行:
java ObjectAssign
输出:
2 # data0
2 # data2
vector::push_back和List.add
讲完了对象存储和对象赋值,就可以讲vector::push_back和List.add的区别。C++的vector::push_back(const value_type& val)会调用实参的拷贝构造函数,形参是一个新对象,其属性值与实参相同,因此对于vector中对象的改动不会影响原对象的属性值,同理对原对象属性值的改动也不会影响vector中的对象。
Java的List.add(E e)并不会构造新对象,而是直接把E类对象的引用e放入了List,因此对于List中的引用和原引用指向了堆区的同一个对象,因此List中引用对对象的操作会影响原引用指向的值,原引用对对象的操作也会影响List中引用指向的值。
还是用一个例子来看。 【C++版】 源文件: vectorPushBack.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Data {
private:
int _data;
public:
Data(int data): _data(data) {}
void printData() {
cout << _data << endl;
}
void set(int data) {
_data = data;
}
};
int main() {
Data data0(0);
vector vec;
vec.push_back(data0);
cout << "After vector::push_back" << endl;
cout << "data0: ";
data0.printData();
cout << "vec.front(): ";
vec.front().printData();
data0.set(1);
cout << "After object outside vector modification" << endl;
cout << "data0: ";
data0.printData();
cout << "vec.front(): ";
vec.front().printData();
vec.front().set(2);
cout << "After object inside vector modification" << endl;
cout << "data0: ";
data0.printData();
cout << "vec.front(): ";
vec.front().printData();
}
编译:
g++ -o vectorPushBack.out vectorPushBack.cpp
运行:
./vectorPushBack.out
输出:
data0: 0
vec.front(): 0
After object outside vector modification
data0: 1
vec.front(): 0
After object inside vector modification
data0: 1
vec.front(): 2
【Java版】 源文件: ListAdd.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class ListAdd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data0 = new Data(0);
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add(data0);
System.out.println("After List.add");
System.out.print("data0: ");
data0.printData();
System.out.print("list.get(0): ");
list.get(0).printData();
data0.set(1);
System.out.println("After object outside vector modification");
System.out.print("data0: ");
data0.printData();
System.out.print("list.get(0): ");
list.get(0).printData();
list.get(0).set(2);
System.out.println("After object inside vector modification");
System.out.print("data0: ");
data0.printData();
System.out.print("list.get(0): ");
list.get(0).printData();
}
}
class Data {
private int data;
public Data(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
public void printData() {
System.out.println(data);
}
public void set(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
编译:
javac ListAdd.java
运行:
java ListAdd
输出:
After List.add
data0: 0
list.get(0): 0
After object outside vector modification
data0: 1
list.get(0): 1
After object inside vector modification
data0: 2
list.get(0): 2