oracle exp 热备份,oracle备份之备份测试脚本的方法（冷备、热备、rman)

1、数据库环境

数据库DBID及打开模式

SQL> select dbid,open_mode from v$database;

DBID OPEN_MODE

---------- ----------

4106451204 READ WRITE

数据文件:

SQL> select file#,status,enabled,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS ENABLED NAME

---------- ------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf

2 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf

3 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf

4 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf

5 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf

6 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf

7 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf

控制文件：

SQL> select status,name from v$controlfile;

STATUS NAME

------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control1

/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control2

/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/control3

联机日志：

SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER

---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo01.log

1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo11.log

3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo03.log

2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo02.log

5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo05.log

5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo55.log

4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo04.log

4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo44.log

2、数据库备份脚本

冷备份脚本

#rem script:coldbak.sh

#rem creater:chon

#rem date:2011

#rem desc:offline full backup database

#--connect database

sqlplus / as sysdba <

#--shutdown database

shutdown immediate;

#--Copy Data file

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/*.dbf /backup

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup

#--Copy Control file

!cp /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/* /backup

#--Copy Log file

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/*.log /backup

#--Copy archive log

!cp -R /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/OCMDB/archivelog/* /backup

#--startup database

startup;

说明：

1、以上脚本在数据库关闭状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件，联机日志，控制文件，归档日志(在一个目录下)，如果成功备份，所有文件是一致的。

2、没有备份参数文件，参数文件可以另外备份，没有必要每次都备份，只需要在改变设置后备份一次。

3、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份将是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么肯定关闭数据库也不成功，那么备份则无效

4、冷备份建议下人工干预下执行。

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OS热备份

查看表空间和数据文件对应关系

SQL> select file_id,tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME

---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7 RMAN_TS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf

6 BIG_TBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf

5 TBS3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf

4 TBS_1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf

3 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf

2 UNDOTBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf

1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf

数据库OS热全备份脚本

#rem script:hotbak.sh

#rem creater:chon

#rem date:2011

#rem desc:backup all database datafile in archive

#--connect database

sqlplus / as sysdba <

#--archive

alter system archive log current;

#--start hotbak

alter tablespace system begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf /backup

alter tablespace system end backup;

alter tablespace UNDOTBS begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup

alter tablespace UNDOTBS end backup;

alter tablespace SYSAUX begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf /backup

alter tablespace SYSAUX end backup;

alter tablespace TBS_1 begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf /backup

alter tablespace TBS_1 end backup;

alter tablespace TBS3 begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf /backup

alter tablespace TBS3 end backup;

alter tablespace BIG_TBS begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf /backup

alter tablespace BIG_TBS end backup;

alter tablespace RMAN_TS begin backup;

!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf /backup

alter tablespace RMAN_TS end backup;

#--end

#--bak control file

#--binary

alter database backup controlfile to '/backup/controlbinbak.000';

#--ascii

alter database backup controlfile to trace;

alter system archive log current;

说明：

1、热备份必须在数据库归档方式下才可以运行

2、以上脚本可以在数据库运行状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件(除了临时数据文件)，没有必要备份联机日志。

3、归档日志至少需要一次完整备份之后的所有日志。

4、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份也是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么备份则无效

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN备份脚本

--本地

创建文件夹

mkdir /home/oracle/backup

mkdir /home/oracle/backup/script

mkdir /home/oracle/backup/log

mkdir /home/oracle/backup/export

--备份目的地

mkdir /home/oracle/rman_backup

创建备份表空间

create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024M;

创建备份用户

create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;

grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

rman catalog rman/rman

create catalog tablespace rman_tbs;

connect target sys/lukewhx@luke

register database;

report schema;

configure retention policy to redundancy 2;

configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;

--倒出RMAN用户数据脚本exp_rman.par (即备份catalog库)

userid=rman/rman

file=/home/oracle/backup/export/rman.dmp

log=/home/oracle/backup/log/rman.log

-- 倒出RMAN数据SHELL脚本exp_rman.sh

#!/bin/bash

cd $HOME

. .bash_profile

cd $HOME/backup/script

exp parfile=exp_rman.par

-- 零级备份RMAN脚本level0_backup.rcv

connect catalog rman/rman

connect target sys/unumall@unu2

run {

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 14 DAYS;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

allocate channel d1 type disk;

allocate channel d2 type disk;

backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'

tag='level 0' include current controlfile;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;

release channel d2;

release channel d1;

}

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

resync catalog;

--零级备份SHELL脚本的level0_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

cd $HOME

. .bash_profile

cd $HOME/backup/script

rman cmdfile=level0_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level0_backup.log

. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

--一级差异增量备份RMAN脚本 level1_backup.rcv

connect catalog rman/rman

connect target sys/luke@luke

run {

allocate channel d1 type disk;

backup incremental level 1 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;

release channel d1;

}

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

resync catalog;

--一级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level1_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

cd $HOME

. .bash_profile

cd /home/oracle/backup/script

rman cmdfile=level1_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level1.log

. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

--二级差异增量备份RMAN脚本 level2_backup.rcv

connect catalog rman/rman

connect target sys/luke@luke

run {

allocate channel d1 type disk;

backup incremental level 2 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;

release channel d1;

}

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

resync catalog;

--二级差异增量备份SHELL脚本level2_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

cd $HOME

. .bash_profile

cd /home/oracle/backup/script

rman cmdfile=level2_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level2.log

. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh

提高 RMAN增量备份性能

alter database enable block change tracking using file

'/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log';

desc v$block_change_tracking;

linux下定时执行备份脚本

crontab -e -u oracle

SHELL=/bin/bash --以下脚本在bash下执行

MAILTO=oracle --执行日志以邮件形式邮给oracle用户，可以/var/spool/mail/oracle下查收

10 1 * * 0 /home/oracle/backup/script/level0_backup.sh

10 1 * * 1 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

10 1 * * 2 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

10 1 * * 3 /home/oracle/backup/script/level1_backup.sh

10 1 * * 4 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

10 1 * * 5 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

10 1 * * 6 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh

一周差异备份策略：

备份目标库和catalog库

周日0级全备，周一周二为2级，周三为1级，周四周五周六为2级。

每天凌晨1点10分开始备份

零级备份

backup incremental level 0 database;

一级差异增量 差异增量是默认增量备份方式

backup incremental level 1 database;

一级累计增量

backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

总结

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