树莓派3装linux,树莓派3上安装配置Archlinux

本文永久地址:https://my.oschina.net/bysu/blog/1557801

下载:

下载(不得不吐槽,官网上的指引好像下载不了,还是我没找对,反正找了好久)

到http://sg.mirror.archlinuxarm.org/os/中下载

或直接到下面链接下载

http://sg.mirror.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-3-latest.tar.gz

顺便贴上fedora的下载地址:

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/fedora/releases/26/Spins/armhfp/images/Fedora-LXQt-armhfp-26-1.5-sda.raw.xz

centos7的下载地址

http://mirror.centos.org/altarch/7/isos/armhfp/CentOS-Userland-7-armv7hl-Minimal-1708-RaspberryPi3.img.xz

安装Archlinux

安装Archlinux这部分在Linux系统中测试通过。sdX是SD卡盘符。

譬如我通过df -h查到是/dev/sdb1,那么这里就是sdb.

SD卡分区

使用fdisk工具 # fdisk /dev/sdX

在fdisk提示命令下删除旧分区并新建：

a. 按o 删除全部分区

b. 按p列出分区，此时应该没有任何分区。

c. 按n新建分区, 然后p选择为主分区, 输入1作为SD卡的第1个主分区; 按回车选择默认开始扇区,再输入+100M设置结束扇区.

d. 按t,然后按c设置刚才的主分区类型为W95 FAT32(LBA).

e. 按n新建分区,然后p选择为主分区,输入2作为SD卡的第2个主分区;按两次回车默认把SD卡剩下的空间都给第2主分区.

f. 按w写入保存分区, 退出fdisk.

[bysu@localhost ~]$ df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18G 3.5G 14G 21% /

tmpfs 931M 232K 931M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 291M 39M 238M 14% /boot

/dev/sdb1 30G 96K 30G 1% /media/FEDORA

[bysu@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

[sudo] password for bysu:

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p #1.按p列出分区,可以查看到分区/dev/sdb1

Disk /dev/sdb: 31.9 GB, 31914983424 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3880 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 3880 31162004 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

Command (m for help): o #2.按o删除全部分区

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8a4c7423.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p #3.按p列出分区，此时应该没有任何分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 31.9 GB, 31914983424 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3880 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x8a4c7423

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n #4.输入n,然后回车.新建分区

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p #5.输入p,然后回车.选择为主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 #6.输入1作为SD卡的第1个主分区;

First cylinder (1-3880, default 1): #7.此处直接点击回车键,选择开始值,默认为1

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3880, default 3880): +100M #8.输入"+100M"(不包括双引号),然后回车

Command (m for help): t #9.输入t,然后回车键

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): c #10.按c设置刚才的主分区类型为W95 FAT32(LBA)

Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))

Command (m for help): n #11.输入n,然后回车,新建分区

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p #12.输入p,然后回车,选择为主分区

Partition number (1-4): 2 #13.输入2,然后回车.设置第2个主分区

First cylinder (15-3880, default 15): #14.按两次回车键,默认把SD卡剩下的空间都给第2主分区.

Using default value 15

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-3880, default 3880):

Using default value 3880

Command (m for help): w #15.输入w,然后回车.把配置写入磁盘,并保存分区, 退出fdisk.

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

格式化和挂载分区

把第1主分区格式化为FAT分区，并挂载到boot： # mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX1

# mkdir boot

# mount /dev/sdX1 boot

把第2分区格式化为ext4分区，并挂载到root: # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2

# mkdir root

# mount /dev/sdX2 root

下载树莓派Archlinux ARM版本, 安装到SD卡 # wget http://archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-latest.tar.gz

# tar -zxpf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-latest.tar.gz -C root

# sync

# mv root/boot/* boot

安装完成，卸载分区 # umount boot root

系统安装完成

Archlinux镜像已经安装成功，连上网线，插上电源，可以直接SSH到树莓派了。

默认用户名和密码分别为：alarm 和alarm

管理员用户名和密码分别为：root和root

管理员帐号无法远程登录

一直听说arch是相当极简，所以进入之后，第一时间查看内存的使用

[root@alarm bysu]# free -h

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 909M 57M 755M 276K 96M 837M

Swap: 0B 0B 0B

整个磁盘的使用情况

[root@alarm bysu]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

dev 420M 0 420M 0% /dev

run 455M 276K 455M 1% /run

/dev/mmcblk0p2 30G 903M 27G 4% /

tmpfs 455M 0 455M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 455M 0 455M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

tmpfs 455M 0 455M 0% /tmp

/dev/mmcblk0p1 110M 58M 52M 53% /boot

tmpfs 91M 0 91M 0% /run/user/1001

[root@alarm bysu]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.7 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x8a4c7423

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/mmcblk0p1 63 224909 224847 109.8M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

/dev/mmcblk0p2 224910 62332199 62107290 29.6G 83 Linux

配置Archlinux

1.新增用户及其相应的家目录

#新增用户

useradd -d /home/bysu -m bysu #使用root用户

#设置密码

passwd bysu #使用root用户

添加国内源

编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

在文件头部添加：

清华软件源：Server = http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo

中科大软件源：Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo

更新软件源：

# pacman -Syyu

安装SUDO

安装sudo:

# pacman -S sudo

输入 visudo 去掉 #%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL 此行注释，使wheel用户组可以临时使用sudo 提高权限.

# visudo

参考教材:

系统安装:

http://www.jianshu.com/p/be4a44a54b65

添加用户

http://www.cnblogs.com/kex1n/p/5199109.html