oracle ora 01951,Oracle-rman的几个命令-019

rman的几种常用命令

configure，list，crosscheck,report，format

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1.configure

RMAN> show all;

RMAN 配置参数为:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\S

NCFDBA.ORA'; # default

--备份集的保存策略

backup database keep forever;                  --永久保留备份文件

backup database keep until time='sysdate+30'; --保存备份30天

可以在allocate子句中设定每个备份片的大小，以达到磁带或系统限制。

也可以在configure中设置备份片大小。

Configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100 m;

configure channel device type disk clear;

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2.list

list命令列出控制文件、RMAN恢复目录中备份信息，查看所有可见的数据库备份文件的最直观的方法

1)list backup of {archivelog, controlfile, database, datafile, spfile, tablespace};

2)list backup of database; --full,incremental(增量备份),tablespace,datafile

3)list backup of archivelog {all, from, high, like, logseq, low, scn, sequence, time, until};

4)list expired backup;--列出过期的备份文件

--查看一天前的备份

5)RMAN> list copy of database archivelog from time='sysdate-1';

RMAN> list backup of database archivelog from time='sysdate-1';

RMAN>

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3.crosscheck

crosscheck backup;--检查没有用RMAN命令删除的文件，会把它们标记为expired

list expired backup; --列出expired的文件,即物理上已经不存在了

delete noprompt expired backup;--把那些expired的文件在RMAN中删除

先删除物理盘的情况,要先交差检查再删除

--copy备份删除：

RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;

RMAN> delete copy of datafile 4;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y

RMAN-06207: WARNING: 1 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due

--先删除物理的数据文件的警告

RMAN> crosscheck copy;

RMAN> delete copy of datafile 4;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y

RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;

--backup备份删除

RMAN> delete backup of datafile 4;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y

RMAN-06207: WARNING: 8 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN>delete backup;--删除全部

RMAN> delete backup of datafile 4;--删除某个文件

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y

deleted backup piece

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

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4.report

--1.数据库的结构

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema

File K-bytes    Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name

---- ---------- -------------------- ------- -------------------

1        460800 SYSTEM               YES     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF

2         30720 UNDOTBS1             YES     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF

3        256000 SYSAUX               NO      E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF

4          5120 USERS                NO      E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF

5        153600 EXAMPLE              NO      E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF

6          5120 MYTABLESPACE         NO      E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE.DBF

7         10240 MYTABLESPACE         NO      E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE01.DBF

8        102400 MYTABLESPACE         NO      E:\DBF\MY02

9         10240 MYTs                 NO      E:\DBF\MYTS03

10        51200 RMANTS               NO      E:\ORACLE\RMAN\RMANTS01.DBF

RMAN>

--2.需要备份的

report need backup days=n;--最近n天没备份的

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups

File #bkps Name

---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------

1    0     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF

2    0     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF

3    0     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF

5    0     E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF

6    0     E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE.DBF

7    0     E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE01.DBF

8    0     E:\DBF\MY02

9    0     E:\DBF\MYTS03

10   0     E:\ORACLE\RMAN\RMANTS01.DBF

--3.过期的备份

RMAN> report obsolete;

--列出过期的备份，RMAN有个备份保留时间

--过期的就可以删除了

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5.rman的format格式中的%

%c 备份片的拷贝数

%d 数据库名称

%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)

%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)

%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为

日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列

%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符

%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间

%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数

%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c

%s 备份集的号

%t 备份集时间戳

%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)