python搭建网页服务器搭建,用 Python 搭建最简单的 http 服务器

适用范围

本文内容对 Python 3.6.9 适用

静态网站

静态网站可以浏览静态网页，也可以用于文件下载。

http.server

Python3 搭建简单 http server，只能解析静态文件

python3 -m http.server 5678

Twisted

pip install Twisted

帮助

twistd web --help

Web Server 示例

# 不同版本命令有所不同

# 以下命令适用于 Twisted 19.x.x

twistd web --listen=tcp:5678 --path=.

WSGI

示例

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def hello_world_app(environ, start_response):

status = '200 OK' # HTTP Status

headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8')] # HTTP Headers

start_response(status, headers)

msg = 'Hello %s\n' % environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]

return [msg.encode('utf8')]

with make_server('', 5678, hello_world_app) as httpd:

print("Serving on port 5678...")

httpd.serve_forever()

运行

命令行前台运行

python3 t.py

后台运行

nohup python3 -u t.py > t.log 2>&1 &

# 日志滚动，只保留最新的 1 M

nohup python3 -u t.py 2>&1 | rotatelogs -n 1 t.log 1M &

测试

$ curl 127.0.0.1:5678

Hello 127.0.0.1

http 请求头回显

示例

#encoding: utf-8

#author: qbit

#date: 2020-01-22

#summary: 回显 http 头，可用于匿名度检测

#sys.version: '3.6.7 (v3.6.7:6ec5cf24b7, Oct 20 2018) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]'

import argparse

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

import json

class EchoHTTPHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

def text_to_html(self, req_head):

r""" 将请求头包装成 html，便于返回给 http 客户端 """

html = 'Echo HTTP Header'

html += '

'

html += '%s - %s - %s

'

html = html % (self.client_address, self.request_version, self.path)

for line in req_head.split('\n'):

line = line.strip()

if line.startswith('Via:') or line.startswith('X-Forwarded-For:'):

line = '%s

' % line

else:

line = '%s

' % line

html += line

html += ''

return html

def do_GET(self):

r""" 响应 get 请求，打印 http 头，并返回给 http 客户端 """

print('%s - %s - %s' % (self.client_address, self.request_version, self.path))

print(type(self.client_address))

print('### request headers ###')

req_head = str(self.headers)

print('req_head: %s' % req_head)

for line in req_head.split('\n'):

line = line.strip()

if line.startswith('Via:') or line.startswith('X-Forwarded-For:'):

line = '%s%s%s' % (fg('red'), line, attr('reset'))

print(line)

self.send_response(200)

self.end_headers()

'''

可选返回 text，html

'''

text = '%s - %s - %s\n---\n%s' % (self.client_address,

self.request_version,

self.path,

req_head)

text = text.encode('utf8')

html = self.text_to_html(req_head).encode('utf8')

self.wfile.write(text)

def do_POST(self):

r""" 响应 post 请求，返回 json """

# POST 有 Content-Length，GET 无 Content-Length

#content_len = int(self.headers.getheader('content-length'))

content_len = int(self.headers['Content-Length'])

post_body = self.rfile.read(content_len)

data = json.loads(post_body)

parsed_path = urlparse(self.path)

self.send_response(200)

self.end_headers()

self.wfile.write(json.dumps({

'method': self.command,

'path': self.path,

'real_path': parsed_path.query,

'query': parsed_path.query,

'request_version': self.request_version,

'protocol_version': self.protocol_version,

'body': data

}).encode())

if __name__ == '__main__':

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Echo HTTP server.')

parser.add_argument('-a', '--address', help='default: 0.0.0.0')

parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='default: 5678', type=int)

args = parser.parse_args()

ip = args.address or '0.0.0.0'

port = args.port or 8080

print('Listening %s:%d' % (ip, port))

server = HTTPServer((ip, port), EchoHTTPHandler)

server.serve_forever()

运行

命令行前台运行

python3 t.py

后台运行

nohup python3 -u t.py > t.log 2>&1 &

# 日志滚动，只保留最新的 1 M

nohup python3 -u t.py 2>&1 | rotatelogs -n 1 t.log 1M &

测试

('127.0.0.1', 58561) - HTTP/1.1 - /

---

Host: 127.0.0.1:8080

Connection: keep-alive

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36

Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate

Sec-Fetch-User: ?1

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,\*/\*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3

Sec-Fetch-Site: none

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8