获取linux文件的信息,Linux系统编程之获取文件信息

文件时间戳

st_time、st_mtime和st_ctime字段，分别记录了对文件的上次访问时间、上次修改时间以及文件状态发送改变的上次时间。这3个字段的类型都是time_t，记录了自新纪元(Epoch)以来的秒数。

示例程序

(获取并解释文件的stat信息)

#define _BSD_SOURCE

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define FP_SPECIAL 1

#define STR_SIZE sizeof("rwxrwxrwx")

typedef enum { FALSE, TRUE } Boolean;

static char *filePermStr(mode_t perm, int flags)

{

static char str[STR_SIZE];

snprintf(str, STR_SIZE, "%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c",

(perm & S_IRUSR) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWUSR) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXUSR) ?

(((perm & S_ISUID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 's' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISUID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'S' : '-'),

(perm & S_IRGRP) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWGRP) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXGRP) ?

(((perm & S_ISGID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 's' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISGID) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'S' : '-'),

(perm & S_IROTH) ? 'r' : '-', (perm & S_IWOTH) ? 'w' : '-',

(perm & S_IXOTH) ?

(((perm & S_ISVTX) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 't' : 'x') :

(((perm & S_ISVTX) && (flags & FP_SPECIAL)) ? 'T' : '-'));

return str;

}

static void showStatInfo(struct stat *st)

{

printf("File type:   ");

switch(st->st_mode & S_IFMT)

{

case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\n");  break;

case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\n");   break;

case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\n"); break;

case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\n");  break;

case S_IFLNK: printf("symbolic (soft) link\n"); break;

case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO or pipe\n");  break;

case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\n");    break;

default:  printf("unknown file type?\n"); break;

}

printf("Device containing i-node:  major=%ld minor=%ld\n",

(long) major(st->st_dev), (long) minor(st->st_dev));

printf("I-node number:   %ld\n", (long) st->st_ino);

printf("Mode:    %lo (%s)\n", (unsigned long) st->st_mode,

filePermStr(st->st_mode, 0));

if (st->st_mode & (S_ISUID| S_ISGID| S_ISVTX))

printf(" special bits set: %s%s%s\n",

(st->st_mode & S_ISUID) ? "set-UID " : "",

(st->st_mode & S_ISGID) ? "set-GID " : "",

(st->st_mode & S_ISVTX) ? "sticky " : "");

printf("Number of (hard) links:  %ld\n", (long) st->st_nlink);

printf("Ownership:   UID=%ld GID=%ld\n",

(long) st->st_uid, (long) st->st_gid);

if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))

printf("Device number (st_rdev):  major=%ld; minor=%ld\n",

(long) major(st->st_rdev), (long) minor(st->st_rdev));

printf("File size:   %lld bytes\n", (long long) st->st_size);

printf("Optimal I/O block size:  %ld bytes\n", (long) st->st_blksize);

printf("512B blocks allocated:  %lld\n", (long long) st->st_blocks);

printf("Last file access:  %s\n", ctime(&st->st_atime));

printf("Last file modification:  %s\n", ctime(&st->st_mtime));

printf("Last status change:  %s\n", ctime(&st->st_ctime));

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

struct stat st;

Boolean statLink;

int fname;

statLink = (argc > 1) && strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0;

fname = statLink ? 2: 1;

if (fname >= argc || (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0))

printf("%s [-l] file\n   -l = use lstat() instead of stat()\n", argv[0]);

if (statLink)

{

if (lstat(argv[fname], &st) == -1)

{

printf("lstat() operate failed!\n");

}

}

else

{

if (stat(argv[fname], &st) == -1)

printf("stat() operate failed!\n");

}

showStatInfo(&st);

exit(1);

}

以下是运行结果：