linux禁用cache,测试写性能,hdparm 命令使用;关闭硬盘 HDD cache; 硬盘读写性能测试；...

最新需要使用硬盘做一些测试，需要使用到hdparm工具，并进行了解，并进行简要记录；

hdparm、dd、fio、都是很好的硬盘测试软件；通常使用其对硬盘信息做基本了解；

关闭硬盘写cache用例：

hdparm -w /dev/sdh # 查看写缓存状态；

hdparm -w 0 /dev/sdh # 关闭cache,保证数据强一致性；放置断电时数据未落盘；

hdparm -w 1 /dev/sdh # 打开

测试磁盘和磁盘缓存读取速度：

查看磁盘信息：

fdisk -l /dev/sdh

hdparm /dev/sdh

评估磁盘读取速度：

hdparm -t /dev/sdh

评估磁盘缓存读取速度：

hdparm -t /dev/sdh

直接测试硬盘的读性能(绕过内核页缓存)：

hdparm -tt --direct /dev/sdh

顺序写测试：

time -p  bash -c "dd if=/dev/urandom of=./dd.log bs=1m count=50000"

随机写测试：

命令使用方法说明：

hdparm -h

hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by mark lord.

usage: hdparm [options] [device ...]

options:

-a get/set fs readahead

-a get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1)

-b get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)

-b set advanced power management setting (1-255)

-c get/set ide 32-bit io setting

-c check drive power mode status

-d get/set using_dma flag

-d enable/disable drive defect management

-e set cd/dvd drive speed

-f flush buffer cache for device on exit

-f flush drive write cache

-g display drive geometry

-h display terse usage information

-h read temperature from drive (hitachi only)

-i display drive identification

-i detailed/current information directly from drive

-j get/set western digital "idle3" timeout for a wdc "green" drive (dangerous)

-k get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)

-k set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)

-l set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)

-m get/set multiple sector count

-m get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast)

-n get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)

-n get/set max visible number of sectors (hpa) (very dangerous)

-p set pio mode on ide interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)

-p set drive prefetch count

-q change next setting quietly

-q get/set dma queue_depth (if supported)

-r get/set device readonly flag (dangerous to set)

-r get/set device write-read-verify flag

-s set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (dangerous)

-s set standby (spindown) timeout

-t perform device read timings

-t perform cache read timings

-u get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)

-u obsolete

-v use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for ide drives

-v display program version and exit immediately

-w perform device reset (dangerous)

-w get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1)

-x obsolete

-x set ide xfer mode (dangerous)

-y put drive in standby mode

-y put drive to sleep

-z re-read partition table

-z disable seagate auto-powersaving mode

--dco-freeze freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle

--dco-identify read/dump device configuration identify data

--dco-restore reset device configuration back to factory defaults

--direct use o_direct to bypass page cache for timings

--drq-hsm-error crash system with a "stuck drq" error (very dangerous)

--fallocate create a file without writing data to disk

--fibmap show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file

--fwdownload download firmware file to drive (extremely dangerous)

--fwdownload-mode3 download firmware using min-size segments (extremely dangerous)

--fwdownload-mode3-max download firmware using max-size segments (extremely dangerous)

--fwdownload-mode7 download firmware using a single segment (extremely dangerous)

--idle-immediate idle drive immediately

--idle-unload idle immediately and unload heads

--istdin read identify data from stdin as ascii hex

--istdout write identify data to stdout as ascii hex

--make-bad-sector deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (very dangerous)

--offset use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in gib) from start of drive

--prefer-ata12 use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) sat commands when possible

--read-sector read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media

--repair-sector alias for the --write-sector option (very dangerous)

--security-help display help for ata security commands

--trim-sector-ranges tell ssd firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count ..

--trim-sector-ranges-stdin same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin

--verbose display extra diagnostics from some commands

--write-sector repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (very dangerous)

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