linux 终端 主题 配色方案,自定义 Windows Terminal 终端界面与配色方案

什么是 Windows Terminal？官方简介如下：

Windows 终端是一个面向命令行工具和 shell(如命令提示符、PowerShell 和适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL))用户的新式终端应用程序。 它的主要功能包括多个选项卡、窗格、Unicode 和 UTF-8 字符支持、GPU 加速文本呈现引擎，你还可用它来创建你自己的主题并自定义文本、颜色、背景和快捷方式。

用上了 Windows Terminal，或许你就不再需要 cmder 之类的工具了。本文主要介绍在 windows 10 系统下 Windows Terminal 安装与主题配色相关的配置方式参考。

1. 安装 Windows Terminal

你可以在 windows 10 的应用商店中搜索并安装。也可以从 github 中下载最新的版本安装或更新：

https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases

自定义 Powershell 终端提示符：安装和配置 Powerline

Powerline 提供自定义的命令提示符体验，提供 Git 状态颜色编码和提示符。在官方文档有详细的介绍，这里仅提供快捷的操作步骤参考：

1.1 下载并安装 cascadia-code 字体

从如下地址下载 microsoft/cascadia-code 字体并安装：

将下载到的 zip 压缩包解压，可以选择 otf 目录下的字体，双击打开各字体文件然后点击“安装”按钮执行安装。

1.2 在 PowerShell 中设置 Powerline

首先需要确保已经安装了 Git 客户端。下载并安装 Git 客户端：https://git-scm.com/downloads

然后从 PowerShell 终端中执行如下命令，安装相关依赖工具模块：

# 安装 Posh-Git

Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser

# 安装 Oh-My-Posh

Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser

# 安装 PSReadline

Install-Module -Name PSReadLine -Scope CurrentUser -Force -SkipPublisherCheck

从 PowerShell 终端中执行如下命令，编辑或创建 PowerShell 配置文件：

notepad $PROFILE

在配置文件末尾添加如下内容，以便在 PowerShell 启动时加载相关工具模块和设置：

Import-Module posh-git

Import-Module oh-my-posh

Set-PoshPrompt -Theme Paradox

在Windows Terminal终端配置文件中，设置 PowerShell 的字体为 Cascadia Code PL。示例：

{

"profiles": {

"list": {

{

"guid": "{eeee4bbd-eeee-5271-eeee-eeee87ff44bf}",

"name": "Windows PowerShell",

"commandline": "powershell.exe",

"fontFace": "Cascadia Code PL"

},

}

}

}

2. 设置默认启动目录

进入 shell 默认的目录为当前登录用户主目录 %USERPROFILE%。可以通过设置 startingDirectory 参数自定义它。示例：

{

"profiles": {

"defaults": {

// 指定所有终端的默认启动目录

"startingDirectory": "D:\\coding\\work" // "%USERPROFILE%"

},

"list": {

{

"guid": "{eeee4bbd-eeee-5271-eeee-eeee87ff44bf}",

"name": "Windows PowerShell",

"commandline": "powershell.exe",

"fontFace": "Cascadia Code PL",

// 指定当前终端的默认启动目录

"startingDirectory": "D:\\coding\\work",

},

}

}

}

提示：在 defaults 中的设置是公共的配置，会被 list 所有终端类型所应用。

3. 为指定的 shell 环境设置背景图片

在对应的 shell 配置中添加 backgroundImage、backgroundImageOpacity、backgroundImageAlignment 等参数配置即可。示例参考如下：

{

"profiles": {

"list": {

{

"guid": "{eeee4bbd-eeee-5271-eeee-eeee87ff44bf}",

"name": "Windows PowerShell",

"commandline": "powershell.exe",

"colorScheme": "lzwmeThemeColor",

"backgroundImage": "C:\\Users\\lzw\\Pictures\\wallpaper\\000706.jpg",

"backgroundImageOpacity": 0.25,

"backgroundImageAlignment": "center",

"useAcrylic": true,

"acrylicOpacity" : 0.7,

"fontSize": 16,

"hidden": false

},

}

}

}

4. 自定义主题配色方案

打开 Windows Terminal 的配置文件，在 schemes 下添加配色方案，例如设置其 name 值为 lzwmeThemeColor，然后修改 PowerShell 的配置，添加 colorScheme": "lzwmeThemeColor", 指定使用 lzwmeThemeColor 配色方案。主要配置代码示例如下：

{

"schemes": [

{

"name": "lzwmeThemeColor",

"black": "#151515",

"red": "#ac4142",

"green": "#0eeb7d",

"yellow": "#f3a62a",

"blue": "#6c99bb",

"purple": "#9f4e85",

"cyan": "#7dd6cf",

"white": "#d0d0d0",

"brightBlack": "#505050",

"brightRed": "#ac4142",

"brightGreen": "#7e8e50",

"brightYellow": "#e5b567",

"brightBlue": "#6c99bb",

"brightPurple": "#9f4e85",

"brightCyan": "#7dd6cf",

"brightWhite": "#f5f5f5",

"background": "#212121",

"foreground": "#d0d0d0"

}

],

"profiles": {

"list": {

{

"guid": "{eeee4bbd-eeee-5271-eeee-eeee87ff44bf}",

"name": "Windows PowerShell",

"commandline": "powershell.exe",

"colorScheme": "lzwmeThemeColor",

"hidden": false

},

}

}

}

从上面你的示例可以看到，自定义配色方案主要就是在 schemes 下定义各预定义颜色的具体值。Windows Terminal Themes 这个网站提供了多达 228+ 种不同配色方案，如有兴趣可以自行体验和选用：相中了你喜欢的配色方案后，点击 Get theme 按钮，即可将配色方案复制到剪切板中。

5. 自定义 shell： 新增 Git bash 终端类型

在 list 字段中可以增加配置任意可启动的终端类型，只需要通过 commandline 指定启动的可执行程序，再辅以其他相关的配置信息即可。

下面为增加一个 Git bash 终端类型的示例：

{

"profiles": {

"list": {

{

"name": "Git Bash",

"guid": "{eeeee-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec4abcd}",

"closeOnExit": true,

"colorScheme": "lzwmeThemeColor", // Campbell

"commandline": "D:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe",

"icon": "D:\\Program Files\\Git\\mingw64\\share\\git\\git-for-windows.ico",

"historySize": 9999,

"padding": "0, 0, 0, 0",

"snapOnInput": true,

"fontSize": 18,

"hidden": false

},

}

}

}

注意 guid 的取值，应为 a-f0-9 之间的字符。

6. 总结与完整示例

以上便完成了对 Windows Terminal 基本的个性化配置。其中各主题设置、配色方案等均可按你自己喜欢的方式进行设置。

一个完整的配置参考：

{

"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",

"defaultProfile": "{aaaaaaaa-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",

"copyOnSelect": true,

"copyFormatting": true,

// To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings

"profiles": {

"defaults": {

"startingDirectory": "D:\\coding\\work", // "%USERPROFILE%"

"cursorShape": "bar",

"fontFace": "Consolas",

"backgroundImage": "C:\\Users\\lzw\\Pictures\\wallpaper\\000706.jpg",

"backgroundImageOpacity": 0.35

},

"list":

[

{

"guid": "{aaaaaaaa-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",

"name": "Windows PowerShell",

"commandline": "powershell.exe",

// "source" : "Windows.Terminal.PowershellCore",

"backgroundImage": "C:\\Users\\lzw\\Pictures\\wallpaper\\ysdhwexx.jpg",

"backgroundImageOpacity": 0.15,

"backgroundImageAlignment": "center",

"useAcrylic": true,

"acrylicOpacity" : 0.7,

"colorScheme" : "lzwmeThemeColor",

"cursorColor" : "#FFFFFD",

"startingDirectory": "D:\\coding\\work",

"fontSize": 16,

"fontFace" : "Cascadia Code PL",

"hidden": false

},

{

"guid": "{aaaaaaaa-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",

"name": "命令提示符",

"commandline": "cmd.exe",

"hidden": false

},

{

"name": "Git Bash",

"guid": "{aaaaaaaa-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec4abcd}",

"closeOnExit": true,

"colorScheme": "lzwmeThemeColor", // Campbell

"commandline": "D:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe",

"icon": "D:\\Program Files\\Git\\mingw64\\share\\git\\git-for-windows.ico",

"historySize": 9999,

"padding": "0, 0, 0, 0",

"snapOnInput": true,

"fontSize": 18,

"hidden": false

},

{

"guid": "{aaaaaaaa-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",

"hidden": true,

"name": "Azure Cloud Shell",

"source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"

}

]

},

// To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes

"schemes": [

{

"name": "lzwmeThemeColor",

"black": "#151515",

"red": "#ac4142",

"green": "#0eeb7d",

"yellow": "#f3a62a",

"blue": "#6c99bb",

"purple": "#9f4e85",

"cyan": "#7dd6cf",

"white": "#d0d0d0",

"brightBlack": "#505050",

"brightRed": "#ac4142",

"brightGreen": "#7e8e50",

"brightYellow": "#e5b567",

"brightBlue": "#6c99bb",

"brightPurple": "#9f4e85",

"brightCyan": "#7dd6cf",

"brightWhite": "#f5f5f5",

"background": "#212121",

"foreground": "#d0d0d0"

}

],

"actions": [

{ "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },

{ "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },

// Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box

{ "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },

{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" },

{ "command": { "action": "newTab", "index": 0 }, "keys": "ctrl+n" },

{ "command": "closePane", "keys": "ctrl+w" }

]

}

效果图参考：

相关参考

https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases/

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/terminal/custom-terminal-gallery/custom-schemes

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/terminal/tutorials/powerline-setup

https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/configure/