java 自动装配的前提_spring自动装配的各种情况（未完待续.....）

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-08 17:38:14 发布

林忆酒

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-08 17:38:14 发布

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文章标签： java 自动装配的前提

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35315373/article/details/114605472

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1.spring为什么要使用自动装配

使用了spring的自动装配就不用再在bean的配置文件中指定类的依赖关系，也就不需要在bean标签里面使用property标签来指定所依赖的bean了；只用起来比较方便。

2.spring自动装配时的配置文件如何配置

可以有下面一种情况，在spring的配置文件声明处声明自动装配是按name来自动装配的

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/ng-context-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"

default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">

3.配置文件中的bean如何声明

在spring的配置文件中的bean就不用使用property属性来指定所依赖的bean了，只用把bean配置成单个的就行了，如下所示

4.在代码中如何使用自动装配

4.1.如果使用了@Autowired注解，那么就不用在代码中使用get set方法就可注入所依赖的bean，如下所示

/**

* 注入各service

@Autowired

private TransactionMessageService transactionMessageService;

@Autowired

private ClientUserService clientUserService;

@Autowired

private ExternalSysInfoService externalSysInfoService;

@Autowired

private ExternalSystemsUserService externalSystemsUserService;

@Autowired

private ExternalSysUserInterfaceInfoService externalSysUserInterfaceInfoService;

@Autowired

private InterfaceInfoService interfaceInfoService;

@Autowired

private GeCodeService geCodeService;

@Autowired

private WebService webService;

4.2.如果没有使用@Autowired的注解那么就需要在代码中使用get set方法来显式注入，如下所示

private GeProductPictureDetailService geProductPictureDetailService;//自定义服务接口

private GeProductPictureDetail geProductPictureDetail;//自定义实体类

public GeProductPictureDetailService getGeProductPictureDetailService() {

return geProductPictureDetailService;

}

public void setGeProductPictureDetailService(

GeProductPictureDetailService geProductPictureDetailService) {

this.geProductPictureDetailService = geProductPictureDetailService;

}

public GeProductPictureDetail getGeProductPictureDetail() {

return geProductPictureDetail;

}

public void setGeProductPictureDetail(

GeProductPictureDetail geProductPictureDetail) {

this.geProductPictureDetail = geProductPictureDetail;

}

其中如上所示如果是byName的方式自动装配的，那么在代码中的属性名最好跟bean 的id一样，这样可以在eclipse中自动生成get set方法，

其实自动装配时spring找的是代码中的set方法，例如在代码中如果想使用spring配置文件中的一个id为id="geProductService"，而正常的做法就是在代码中声明一个名为geProductService的属性，然后自动生成setGeProductService这样的方法，实现自动装配的依赖注入，而假如在代码中想使用id为id="geProductService"的bean，在代码中呢又声明了一个属性名为fangTest的属性，但是类型是GeProductService的，即private GeProductService fangTest，并且还想在代码中使用geProductService为fangTest赋值，也就是说在在代码中使用id="geProductService"的bean但是呢在代码中的属性名是自己随意指定的，那么在使用get set方法注入时需要有setGeProductService而不是setFangTest这样的set方法，如下所示

private GeProductService geProductService;

public void setGeProductService(GeProductService geProductService){

this.geProductService = geProductService;

}

或者

private GeProductService fangTest;

public void setGeProductService(GeProductService geProductService1){

this.fangTest = geProductService1;

}

使用了@Autowired，但是在配置文件里还用，没有getset报出的异常

配置文件的书写

代码中的书写

//订单支付流水日志表Service

@Autowired

private PaymentLogService paymentLogService;

以上是用了@Autowired，但是在代码里没有get set报以下异常信息

2013-9-19 14:38:58 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart

严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class com.icbc.emall.common.utils.SpringContextLoaderListener

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'refundResultHandler' defined in class path resource [emall/emall-service.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'paymentLogService' of bean class [com.icbc.emall.refund.service.impl.RefundResultHandlerImpl]: Bean property 'paymentLogService' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1423)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1128)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:626)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)

at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389)

at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294)

at com.icbc.emall.common.utils.SpringContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(SpringContextLoaderListener.java:61)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4791)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5285)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'paymentLogService' of bean class [com.icbc.emall.refund.service.impl.RefundResultHandlerImpl]: Bean property 'paymentLogService' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?

at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1042)

at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:902)

at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:75)

at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:57)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1420)

... 23 more

5.自动装配byType

通过类型匹配的方式自动装配，但是配置文件中一个类型的类只能配置一个bean，如果一个实现类配置了2个bean就会报出项目的异常：

expected single matching bean but found 2:[userDAO,userDAO2]

示例代码(会报出上面异常的示例代码)：

public class UserService {

private UserDAO userDAO;